Bệnh xơ cứng teo cơ một bên, thường gọi là ALS hoặc bệnh Lou Gehrig, là một tình trạng thần kinh phức tạp ảnh hưởng đến các tế bào thần kinh kiểm soát chuyển động cơ bắp tự ý. Đây là một bệnh tiến triển, nghĩa là nó trở nặng theo thời gian. Mặc dù nguyên nhân chính xác của ALS vẫn chưa được hiểu đầy đủ, nghiên cứu vẫn tiếp tục khám phá các yếu tố di truyền và môi trường.
Bài viết này nhằm cung cấp một tổng quan rõ ràng về ALS, bao gồm các triệu chứng, chẩn đoán, và hiểu biết hiện tại về các phương pháp điều trị và nghiên cứu.
u0110u1ecbnh nghu0129a bu1ec7nh ALS lu00e0 gu00ec?
Xu01a1 cu1ee9ng cu1ed9t bu00ean teo cu01a1, thu01b0u1eddng gu1ecdi lu00e0 ALS hou1eb7c bu1ec7nh Lou Gehrig, lu00e0 mu1ed9t bu1ec7nh thou00e1i hu00f3a thu1ea7n kinh tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh trong nu00e3o vu00e0 tu1ee7y su1ed1ng. Nhu1eefng tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh nu00e0y, u0111u01b0u1ee3c gu1ecdi lu00e0 tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng, chu1ecbu tru00e1ch nhiu1ec7m kiu1ec3m sou00e1t su1ef1 vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng cu01a1 chu1ee7 u0111u1ed9ng.
Khi bu1ec7nh ALS tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n, cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng nu00e0y du1ea7n du1ea7n bu1ecb phu00e2n hu1ee7y, du1eabn u0111u1ebfn yu1ebfu cu01a1, liu1ec7t vu00e0 cuu1ed1i cu00f9ng lu00e0 suy hu00f4 hu1ea5p. Tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng nu00e0y u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn khu1ea3 nu0103ng vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng, nu00f3i, nuu1ed1t vu00e0 thu1edf, nhu01b0ng thu01b0u1eddng khu00f4ng u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu1ea3m giu00e1c hay tru00ed tuu1ec7.
Bu1ec7nh ALS Phu1ed5 Biu1ebfn Nhu01b0 Thu1ebf Nu00e0o?
Cu00e1c u01b0u1edbc tu00ednh cho thu1ea5y ALS u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn khou1ea3ng 1 u0111u1ebfn 2 ngu01b0u1eddi tru00ean 100.000 ngu01b0u1eddi tru00ean tou00e0n thu1ebf giu1bbi.
Tu1ef7 lu1ec7 mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS cu00f3 xu hu01b0u1edbng tu0103ng du1ea7n theo tuu1ed5i tu00e1c, vu1edbi hu1ea7u hu1ebft cu00e1c ca chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n xu1ea3y ra u1edf nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi trong u0111u1ed9 tuu1ed5i tu1eeb 40 u0111u1ebfn 80. Nam giu1bbi cu0169ng cu00f3 khu1ea3 nu0103ng mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS cao hu01a1n mu1ed9t chu00fat so vu1edbi nu1eef giu1bbi, mu1eb7c du00f9 su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t nu00e0y thu hu1eb9p du1ea7n u1edf cu00e1c nhu00f3m tuu1ed5i lu1edbn hu01a1n. Cu0103n bu1ec7nh nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn bu1ea5t ku1ef3 ai, khu00f4ng phu00e2n biu1ec7t chu1ee7ng tu1ed9c hay su1eafc tu1ed9c.
Viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u ru00f5 tu1ef7 lu1ec7 mu1eafc bu1ec7nh giu00fap u00edch cho viu1ec7c lu1eadp ku1ebf hou1ea1ch cho cu00e1c nguu1ed3n lu1ef1c y tu1ebf vu00e0 hu1ec7 thu1ed1ng hu1ed7 tru1ee3. Mu1eb7c du00f9 cu00e1c con su1ed1 cu00f3 vu1ebb nhu1ecf so vu1edbi cu00e1c tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng bu1ec7nh khu00e1c, mu1ed7i ca bu1ec7nh u0111u1ec1u u0111u1ea1i diu1ec7n cho mu1ed9t tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng lu1edbn u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi cu00e1 nhu00e2n vu00e0 gia u0111u00ecnh hu1ecd.
Cu00e1c Thu1ec3 Bu1ec7nh ALS
ALS khu00f4ng phu1ea3i lu00e0 mu1ed9t tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng bu1ec7nh u0111u01a1n lu1ebb, duy nhu1ea5t. Nu00f3 thu01b0u1eddng biu1ec3u hiu1ec7n du01b0u1edbi nhiu1ec1u biu1ebfn thu1ec3 khu00e1c nhau, vu00e0 viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c thu1ec3 khu00e1c nhau nu00e0y su1ebd giu00fap hu00ecnh dung u0111u1ee3c tou00e0n bu1ed9 phu1ea1m vi cu1ee7a cu0103n bu1ec7nh. Mu1eb7c du00f9 vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1 cu1ed1t lu00f5i liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn su1ef1 thou00e1i hu00f3a cu1ee7a tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng, cu00e1ch thu1ee9c biu1ec3u hiu1ec7n cu1ee5 thu1ec3 cu1ee7a nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 khu00e1c nhau.
Xu01a1 cu1ee9ng bu00ean su01a1 cu1ea5p lu00e0 gu00ec?
Xu01a1 cu1ee9ng bu00ean su01a1 cu1ea5p, hou1eb7c PLS, lu00e0 mu1ed9t ru1ed1i lou1ea1n hiu1ebfm gu1ebfp u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng trong nu00e3o. Khu00f4ng giu1ed1ng nhu01b0 ALS, PLS chu1ee7 yu1ebfu tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng lu00ean cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng tru00ean. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi bu1ecb PLS thu01b0u1eddng xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng cu1ee9ng cu01a1 vu00e0 co cu1ee9ng, thay vu00ec yu1ebfu cu01a1 vu00e0 teo cu01a1 phu1ed5 biu1ebfn hu01a1n trong bu1ec7nh ALS u0111iu1ec3n hu00ecnh.
Su1ef1 tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n cu1ee7a PLS thu01b0u1eddng chu1eadm hu01a1n so vu1edbi ALS, vu00e0 trong mu1ed9t su1ed1 tru01b0u1eddng hu1ee3p, mu1eb7c du00f9 nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 khu00f4ng u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3 u0111u1ebfn tuu1ed5i thu1ecd. Tuy nhiu00ean, nu00f3 vu1eabn cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1eabn u0111u1ebfn nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 khu1ea3 nu0103ng vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng vu00e0 khu00f3 chu1ecbu u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3.
Teo Cu01a1 Tiu1ebfn Triu1ec3n Lu00e0 Gu00ec?
Teo cu01a1 tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n (PMA) u0111u01b0u1ee3c coi lu00e0 mu1ed9t thu1ec3 phu1ee5 cu1ee7a ALS, chu1ee7 yu1ebfu u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng du01b0u1edbi. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng chu1ee7 yu1ebfu lu00e0 yu1ebfu cu01a1, hao mu00f2n cu01a1 (teo cu01a1) vu00e0 rung giu1eadt bu00f3 cu01a1 (co giu1eadt cu01a1).
Nhu1eefng cu00e1 nhu00e2n bu1ecb PMA cu00f3 thu1ec3 bu1ecb su1ee5t giu1ea3m u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3 khu1ed1i lu01b0u1ee3ng cu01a1 vu00e0 chu1ee9c nu0103ng, u0111u1eb7c biu1ec7t lu00e0 u1edf cu00e1c chi. Mu1eb7c du00f9 PMA chia su1ebb nhiu1ec1u u0111u1eb7c u0111iu1ec3m vu1edbi ALS, nu00f3 thu01b0u1eddng tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n chu1eadm hu01a1n vu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu00f3 tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng hu01a1i khu00e1c mu1ed9t chu00fat u0111u1ed1i vu1ec1 khu1ea3 nu0103ng sinh tu1ed3n tu1ed5ng thu1ec3 so vu1edbi cu00e1c thu1ec3 phu1ed5 biu1ebfn hu01a1n cu1ee7a ALS.
Liu1ec7t Giu1ea3 Hu00e0nh Tu1ef7 Lu00e0 Gu00ec?
Liu1ec7t giu1ea3 hu00e0nh tu1ef7, hay PBP, lu00e0 mu1ed9t tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng kiu1ec3m sou00e1t cu00e1c cu01a1 liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn nuu1ed1t, nu00f3i vu00e0 biu1ec3u cu1ea3m khuu00f4n mu1eb7t. Chu00fang thu01b0u1eddng u0111u01b0u1ee3c gu1ecdi lu00e0 cu01a1 hu00e0nh tu1ef7.
Khi ALS u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn nhu1eefng vu00f9ng nu00e0y u0111u1ea7u tiu00ean, nu00f3 u0111u00f4i khi u0111u01b0u1ee3c gu1ecdi lu00e0 ALS khu1edfi phu00e1t hu00e0nh nu00e3o, vu00e0 PBP mu00f4 tu1ea3 cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng ku1ebf tiu1ebfp. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1eabn u0111u1ebfn khu00f3 khu0103n trong ngu00f4n ngu1eef (khu00f3 nu00f3i), nuu1ed1t (khu00f3 nuu1ed1t) vu00e0 kiu1ec3m sou00e1t cu00e1c phu1ea3n u1ee9ng cu1ea3m xu00fac, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 khu00f3c hou1ebft hay cu01b0u1eddi khu00f4ng kiu1ec3m sou00e1t u0111u01b0u1ee3c, mu1ed9t tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng u0111u01b0u1ee3c gu1ecdi lu00e0 hu1ed9i chu1ee9ng giu1ea3 hu00e0nh tu1ef7 (PBA).
Triu1ec7u Chu1ee9ng ALS
Cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng cu1ee7a ALS cu00f3 thu1ec3 khu00e1c nhau u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3 tu1eeb ngu01b0u1eddi nu00e0y sang ngu01b0u1eddi khu00e1c vu00e0 thu01b0u1eddng phu1ee5 thuu1ed9c vu00e0o lou1ea1i tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng nu00e0o bu1ecb u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ea7u tiu00ean.
Triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng ALS u1edf nu1eef giu1bbi lu00e0 gu00ec?
Mu1eb7c du00f9 ALS u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn nam giu1bbi thu01b0u1eddng xuyu00ean hu01a1n nu1eef giu1bbi, cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng thu01b0u1eddng lu00e0 tu01b0u01a1ng tu1ef1 nhu01b0 nhau.
Mu1ed9t su1ed1 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u cho thu1ea5y phu1ee5 nu1eef cu00f3 thu1ec3 tru1ea3i qua quu00e1 tru00ecnh tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n bu1ec7nh chu1eadm hu01a1n mu1ed9t chu00fat so vu1edbi nam giu1bbi, nhu01b0ng u0111u00e2y khu00f4ng phu1ea3i lu00e0 quy luu1eadt tuyu1ec7t u0111u1ed1i. Cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u su1edbm cu00f3 thu1ec3 bao gu1ed3m tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng yu1ebfu cu01a1 nhu1eb9 u1edf cu00e1c chi, khu00f3 khu0103n khi thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c nhiu1ec7m vu1ee5 vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng tinh, hou1eb7c thay u0111u1ed5i chu1ea5t lu01b0u1ee3ng giu1ecdng nu00f3i.
Khi bu1ec7nh tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n, phu1ee5 nu1eef, cu0169ng giu1ed1ng nhu01b0 nam giu1bbi, su1ebd tru1ea3i qua tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng tu0103ng du1ea7n yu1ebfu cu01a1 vu00e0 teo cu01a1.
Triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng ALS u1edf nam giu1bbi lu00e0 gu00ec?
Nam giu1bbi u0111u01b0u1ee3c chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS thu01b0u1eddng xuyu00ean hu01a1n nu1eef giu1bbi. Tu01b0u01a1ng tu1ef1 nhu01b0 phu1ee5 nu1eef, cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng ban u0111u1ea7u u1edf nam giu1bbi cu00f3 thu1ec3 biu1ec3u hiu1ec7n theo nhiu1ec1u cu00e1ch khu00e1c nhau.
Cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u su1edbm phu1ed5 biu1ebfn bao gu1ed3m co giu1eadt cu01a1, chuu1ed9t ru00fat vu00e0 cu1ee9ng cu01a1, u0111u1eb7c biu1ec7t lu00e0 u1edf cu00e1nh tay, chu00e2n hou1ebft thu00e2n mu00ecnh. Mu1ed9t su1ed1 nam giu1bbi cu00f3 thu1ec3 nhu1eadn thu1ea5y khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi cu00e1c nhiu1ec7m vu1ee5 u0111u00f2i hu1ecfi su1ee9c mu1ea1nh hou1eb7c su1ef1 phu1ed1i hu1ee3p, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 nu00e2ng vu1eadt hou1ebft u0111i bu1ed9.
Khu00f3 khu0103n khi nu00f3i vu00e0 nuu1ed1t cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 xu1ea3y ra nu1ebfu vu00f9ng hu00e0nh tu1ef7 bu1ecb u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng tu1eeb su1edbm.
Cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u su1edbm cu1ee7a ALS lu00e0 gu00ec?
Nhu1eadn biu1ebft cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u su1edbm cu1ee7a ALS lu00e0 ru1ea5t quan tru1ecdng u0111u1ec3 tu00ecm kiu1ebfm su1ef1 u0111u00e1nh giu00e1 y tu1ebf ku1ecbp thu1eddi. Nhu1eefng du1ea5u hiu1ec7u nu00e0y thu01b0u1eddng bu1eaft u0111u1ea7u tinh tu1ebf vu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1ec5 du00e0ng bu1ecb nhu1ea7m lu1eabn vu1edbi cu00e1c tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng khu00e1c. Chu01b0u01a1ng bao gu1ed3m:
Yu1ebfu cu01a1: u0110u00e2y thu01b0u1eddng lu00e0 triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng u0111u1ea7u tiu00ean du1ec5 nhu1eadn thu1ea5y. Nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n du01b0u1edbi du1ea1ng khu00f3 khu0103n khi nu00e2ng cu00e1nh tay hou1ebft chu00e2n, vu1ea5p ngu00e3 hou1ebft gu1eb7p vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1 vu1edbi lu1ef1c nu1eafm bu00e0n tay.
Co giu1eadt cu01a1 vu00e0 chuu1ed9t ru00fat: Cu00f3 thu1ec3 xu1ea3y ra hiu1ec7n tu01b0u1ee3ng rung giu1eadt bu00f3 cu01a1 vu00f4 thu1ee9c hou1ebft co thu1eaft cu01a1, thu01b0u1eddng u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi Tay, Chu00e2n, hou1ebft Lu01b0u1ee1i.
Khu00f3 khu0103n khi nu00f3i vu00e0 nuu1ed1t: Nu00f3i lu1eafp, nu00f3i nu1ec9 (khu00f3 nu00f3i) hou1ebft khu00f3 nuu1ed1t (khu00f3 nuu1ed1t) cu00f3 thu1ec3 cho thu1ea5y cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eh9n u0111u1ed9ng kiu1ec3m sou00e1t cu00e1c cu01a1 u1edf hu1ecdng vu00e0 miu1ec7ng bu1ecb u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng.
Mu1ec7t mu1ecfi: Su1ef1 mu1ec7t mu1ecfi khu00f4ng ru00f5 nguyu00ean nhu00e2n hou1ebft cu1ea3m giu00e1c nu1eb7ng nu1ec1 u1edf cu00e1c chi cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0 du1ea5u hiu1ec7u su1edbm.
Thay u0111u1ed5i trong hu00f4 hu1ea5p: Trong mu1ed9t su1ed1 tru01b0u1eddng hu1ee3p, u0111u1eb7c biu1ec7t nu1ebful cu01a1 hou00e0nh bu1ecb u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng su1edbm, cu00e1 nhu00e2n cu00f3 thu1ec3 bu1ecb khu00f3 thu1edf, u0111u1eb7c biu1ec7t lu00e0 khi nu1eb1m xuu1ed1ng.
Khi bu1ec7nh ALS tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n, cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng nu00e0y thu01b0u1eddng tru1edf nu00ean ru00f5 ru1ec7t hu01a1n vu00e0 lan ru1ed9ng hu01a1n. Cu00e1c cu01a1 cu00f3 thu1ec3 bu1ecb teo nhu1ecf u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3 vu00e0 cu1ee9ng hu01a1n. Mu1eb7c du00f9 bu1ec7nh ALS tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng tru1ef1c tiu1ebfp lu00ean cu00e1c cu01a1 chu1ee7 u0111u1ed9ng, cu00e1c cu01a1 vu00f4 thu1ee9c nhu01b0 cu01a1 kiu1ec3m sou00e1t tim vu00e0 tiu00eau hu00f3a thu01b0u1eddng khu00f4ng bu1ecb u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng.
Tu01b0u01a1ng tu1ef1, cu1ea3m giu00e1c, thu1ecb giu00e1c vu00e0 thu00ednh giu00e1c thu01b0u1eddng vu1eabn nguyu00ean vu1eb9n. u1ede mu1ed9t nhu00f3m ngu01b0u1eddi, cu00e1c thay u0111u1ed5i nhu1eadn thu1ee9c, bao gu1ed3m cu00e1c khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 chu1ee9c nu0103ng u0111iu1ec1u hu00e0nh hou1ebft sa su00fat tru00ed tuu1ec7 thu00f9y thu00e1i du01b0u01a1ng-tru01b0u1edbc, cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 xu1ea3y ra cu00f9ng vu1edbi su1ef1 thou00e1i hu00f3a tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng.
Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n ALS
Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n bu1ec7nh xu01a1 cu1ee9ng cu1ed9t bu00ean teo cu01a1 cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0 mu1ed9t quu00e1 tru00ecnh phu1ee9c tu1ea1p, thu01b0u1eddng bao gu1ed3m mu1ed9t lou1ea1t cu00e1c xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m u0111u1ec3 lou1ea1i tru1eeb cu00e1c tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng khu00e1c cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu00e2y ra cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng tu01b0u01a1ng tu1ef1.
Khu00f4ng cu00f3 mu1ed9t xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m duy nhu1ea5t nu00e0o khu1eb3ng u0111u1ecbnh chu1eafc chu1eafn du1ea5u hiu1ec7u mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS. Thay vu00e0o u0111u00f3, cu00e1c bu00e1c su0129 thu01b0u1eddng du1ef1a vu00f0o su1ef1 ku1ebf thu1ee3p cu1ee7a lu1ecbch su1eed y khoa ku1ef9 lu01b0u1ee1ng, khu00e1m lu00e2m su00e0ng thu1ea7n kinh chi tiu1ebft vu00e0 nhiu1ec1u thu1ee7 thuu1eadt chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n khu00e1c nhau.
Khu00e1m su00e0ng thu1ea7n kinh lu00e0 mu1ed9t phu1ea7n then chu1ed1t cu1ee7a quu00e1 tru00ecnh nu00e0y. Trong suu1ed1t buu1ed5i khu00e1m nu00e0y, nhu00e2n viu00ean y tu1ebf su1ebd u0111u00e1nh giu00e1 su1ee9c mu1ea1nh cu01a1, bu1ea3n xu1ea1, su1ef1 phu1ed1i hu1ee3p vu00e0 tru01b0u01a1ng lu1ef1c cu01a1. Hu1ecd su1ebd tu00ecm kiu1ebfm cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u yu1ebfu cu01a1, co cu1ee9ng vu00e0 phu1ea3n xu1ea1 bu1ea5t thu01b0u1eddng mu00e0 lu00e0 u0111u1eb7c tru01b0ng cu1ee7a bu1ec7nh tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng.
Nhiu1ec1u xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m cu00f3 thu1ec3 u0111u01b0u1ee3c su1eed du1ee5ng u0111u1ec3 giu00fap xu00e1c nhu1eadn chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n ALS vu00e0 lou1ea1i tru1eeb cu00e1c khu1ea3 nu0103ng khu00e1c:
u0110iu1ec7n cu01a1 u0111u1ed3 (EMG) vu00e0 Nghiu00ean cu1ee9u du1eabn truyu1ec1n thu1ea7n kinh (NCS): Nhu1eefng xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m nu00e0y u0111u00e1nh giu00e1 su1ee9c khu1ecfe cu1ee7a cu01a1 bu1eafp vu00e0 cu00e1c du00e2y thu1ea7n kinh kiu1ec3m sou00e1t chu00fang. EMG u0111o hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng u0111iu1ec7n trong cu01a1, trong khi NCS u0111o tu1ed1c u0111u1ed9 mu00e0 tu00edn hiu1ec7u u0111iu1ec7n di chuyu1ec3n du1ecdc theo du00e2y thu1ea7n kinh. Trong bu1ec7nh ALS, cu00e1c thu1eed nghiu1ec7m nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 cho thu1ea5y cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u hu01b0 hu1ecfng u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng.
Xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m mu00e1u vu00e0 nu01b0u1edbc tiu1ec3u: Nhu1eefng xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m nu00e0y u0111u01b0u1ee3c su1eed du1ee5ng u0111u1ec3 lou1ea1i tru1eeb cu00e1c tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng khu00e1c cu00f3 thu1ec3 bu1eaft chu01b0u1edbc ALS, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 nhiu1ec5m tru00f9ng nhu1ea5t u0111u1ecbnh, ru1ed1i lou1ea1n tu1ef1 miu1ec5n hou1ebft cu00e1c vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1 chuyu1ec3n hu00f3a.
Chu1ee5p cu1ed9ng hu01b0u1edfng tu1eeb (MRI): Chu1ee5p MRI nu00e3o vu00e0 tu1ee7y su1ed1ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 giu00fap xu00e1c u0111u1ecbnh cu00e1c tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng thu1ea7n kinh khu00e1c, nhu01b0 khu1ed1i u, thou00e1t vu1ecb u0111u0129a u0111u1ec7m hou1ebft xu01a1 cu1ee9ng bu00e9n ru1ea3i ru00e1c, mu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu00e2y ra triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng. Nu00f3 khu00f4ng chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n ALS tru1ef1c tiu1ebfp nhu01b0ng quan tru1ecdng cho viu1ec7c lou1ea1i tru1eeb.
Chu1ecdc du00f2 thu1eaft lu01b0ng (Chu1ecdc du00f2 tu1ee7y su1ed1ng): Thu1ee7 thuu1eadt nu00e0y bao gu1ed3m thu thu1eadp mu1ed9t lu01b0u1ee3ng nhu1ecf du1ecbch nu00e3o tu1ee7y tu1eeb lu01b0ng du01b0u1edbi. Du1ecbch nu00e0y sau u0111u00f3 u0111u01b0u1ee3c phu00e2n tu00edch u0111u1ec3 kiu1ec3m tra cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u nhiu1ec5m tru00f9ng hou1ebft viu00eam cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1ec5 nhu1ea7m lu1eabn vu1edbi ALS.
Sinh thiu1ebft cu01a1 hou1ebft du00e2y thu1ea7n kinh: Trong mu1ed9t su1ed1 u00edt tru01b0u1eddng hu1ee3p hiu1ebfm, mu1ed9t mu1eabu nhu1ecf cu1ee7a mu00f4 cu01a1 hou1ebft thu1ea7n kinh cu00f3 thu1ec3 u0111u01b0u1ee3c lou1ea1i bu1ecf vu00e0 kiu1ec3m tra du01b0u1edbi ku00ednh hiu1ec3n vi. Viu1ec7c nu00e0y thu01b0u1eddng u0111u01b0u1ee3c thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n u0111u1ec3 lou1ea1i tru1eeb cu00e1c bu1ec7nh cu01a1 hou1ebft du00e2y thu1ea7n kinh khu00e1c.
Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n chu1eafc chu1eafn mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS thu01b0u1eddng u0111u01b0u1ee3c u0111u01b0a ra khi cu00f3 bu1eb9nh chu1ee9ng vu1ec1 su1ef1 thou00e1i hu00f3a tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng tru00ean vu00e0 du01b0u1edbi u1edf u00edt nhu1ea5t ba vu00f9ng khu00e1c nhau cu1ee7a cu01a1 thu1ec3, vu00e0 khi cu00e1c nguyu00ean nhu00e2n tiu1ec1m tu00e0ng khu00e1c u0111u00e3 bu1ecb lou1ea1i tru1eeb.
Nguyu00ean Nhu00e2n Gu00e2y Ra ALS
Lu00fd do chu00ednh xu00e1c vu00ec sao mu1ed9t su1ed1 ngu01b0u1eddi xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n ALS vu1eabn lu00e0 mu1ed9t bu00ed u1ea9n u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi phu1ea7n lu1edbn cu00e1c ca bu1ec7nh. Cu00e1c nhu00e0 khoa hu1ecdc thu1ea7n kinh u0111ang khu00e1m phu00e1 mu1ed9t vu00e0i u00fd tu01b0u1edfng khu00e1c nhau, vu00e0 cu00f3 khu1ea3 nu0103ng su1ef1 ku1ebf thu1ee3p cu1ee7a nhiu1ec1u yu1ebfu tu1ed1 lu00e0 nguyu00ean nhu00e2n du1eabn u0111u1ebfn bu1ec7nh.
ALS Cu00f3 Di Truyu1ec1n Khu00f4ng?
Mu1eb7c du00f9 hu1ea7u hu1ebft cu00e1c ca ALS xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n mu00e0 khu00f4ng cu00f3 bu1ea5t ku1ef3 lu1ecbch su1eed gia u0111u00ecnh nu00e0o u2013 u0111u01b0u1ee3c gu1ecdi lu00e0 ALS tu1ef1 phu00e1t u2013 khou1ea3ng 10% su1ed1 ca bu1ec7nh cu00f3 di truyu1ec1n trong gia u0111u00ecnh, u0111u01b0u1ee3c gu1ecdi lu00e0 ALS gia u0111u00ecnh. Cu00f3 mu1ed9t suy nghu0129 phu1ed5 biu1ebfn ru1eb1ng chu1ec9 ALS cu00f3 di truyu1ec1n du01b0u1edbi du1ea1ng gia u0111u00ecnh, nhu01b0ng u0111iu1ec1u u0111u00f3 khu00f4ng hou00e0n tou00e0n chu00ednh xu00e1c. Cu1ea3 hai lou1ea1i u0111u1ec1u cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu00f3 nguu1ed3n gu1ed1c di truyu1ec1n.
u0110u00f4i khi, ngay cu1ea3 trong truu1eddng hu1ee3p ALS tu1ef1 phu00e1t, mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu00f3 mu1ed9t thay u0111u1ed5i di truyu1ec1n mu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 truyu1ec1n lu1ea1i, ngay cu1ea3 khi khu00f4ng cu00f3 ai khu00e1c trong gia u0111u00ecnh mu1eafc bu1ec7nh. Cu00e1c nhu00e0 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u u0111u00e3 xu00e1c u0111u1ecbnh u0111u01b0u1ee3c nhiu1ec1u gen liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn ALS. Viu1ec7c khu00e1m phu00e1 ra cu00e1c gen nu00e0y lu00e0 mu1ed9t bu01b0u1edbc u0111i lu1edbn vu00ec nu00f3 giu00fap cu00e1c nhu00e0 khoa hu1ecdc hiu1ec3u ru00f5 hu01a1n vu1ec1 cu0103n bu1ec7nh vu00e0 phu00e1t triu1ec3n cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb nhu1eafm vu00e1o cu00e1c vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1 di truyu1ec1n cu1ee5 thu1ec3 nu00e0y.
Cu00e1c nhu00e0 u0111iu1ec1u tra lu00fd thuyu1ebf t ru1eb1ng mu1ed9t su1ed1 ngu01b0u1eddi cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1ec5 bu1ecb di truyu1ec1n u0111u1ec3 phu00e1t triu1ec3n cu0103n bu1ec7nh, nhu01b0ng nu00f3 chu1ec9 biu1ec3u hiu1ec7n sau khi tiu1ebfp xu00fac vu1edbi mu1ed9t tu00e1c nhu00e2n mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng. Su1ef1 tu01b0u01a1ng tu00e1c giu1eefa di truyu1ec1n vu00e0 cu00e1c yu1ebfu tu1ed1 mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng u0111u01b0u1ee3c cho lu00e0 khu00f3a chu1ed1t u0111u1ec3 hiu1ec3u vu00ec sao ALS phu00e1t triu1ec3n u1edf nhu1eefng cu00e1 nhu00e2n nhu1ea5t u0111u1ecbnh.
u0110u1ed1i vu1edbi nhu1eefng ai lo ngu1ea1i vu1ec1 mu1ed1i liu00ean ku1ebft di truyu1ec1n, nu00f3i chuyu1ec7n vu1edbi mu1ed9t chuyu00ean gia tu01b0 vu1ea5n di truyu1ec1n cu00f3 thu1ec3 mang lu1ea1i su1ef1 ru00f5 ru00e0ng vu1ec1 cu00e1c mu00f4 hu00ecnh di truyu1ec1n vu00e0 cu00e1c ru1ee7i ro tiu1ec1m u1ea9n cho cu00e1c thu00e0nh viu00ean trong gia u0111u00ecnh.
Nhu1eefng yu1ebfu tu1ed1 mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng nu00e0o tu0103ng nguy cu01a1 mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS?
Trong khi cu00e1c nguyu00ean nhu00e2n chu00ednh xu00e1c cu1ee7a ALS vu1eabn u0111ang u0111u01b0u1ee3c nghiu00ean cu1ee9u, cu00e1c nhu00e0 khoa hu1ecdc u0111ang xem xu00e9t vu00e0o cu00e1c yu1ebfu tu1ed1 khu00e1c nhau mu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 u0111u00f3ng mu1ed9t vai tru00f2. Ngu01b0u1eddi ta nghu0129 ru1eb1ng mu1ed9t su1ef1 ku1ebf thu1ee3p cu1ee7a xu hu01b0u1eddng di truyu1ec1n vu00e0 cu00e1c u1ea3nh hu01b0u1eddng mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng cu00f3 thu1ec3 u0111u00f3ng gu00f3p vu00e0o su1ef1 phu00e1t triu1ec3n cu1ee7a cu0103n bu1ec7nh.
Mu1ed9t su1ed1 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u cho thu1ea5y viu1ec7c tiu1ebfp xu00fac vu1edbi mu1ed9t su1ed1 yu1ebfu tu1ed1 mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng nhu1ea5t u0111u1ecbnh cu00f3 thu1ec3 liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn ALS, mu1eb7c du00f9 cu00e1c mu1ed1i liu00ean ku1ebft chu1eafc chu1eafn vu1eabn u0111ang u0111u01b0u1ee3c u0111iu1ec1u tra. Nhu1eefng yu1ebfu tu1ed1 tiu1ec1m tu00e0ng nu00e0y lu00e0 cu00e1c lu0129nh vu1ef1c u0111ang u0111u01b0u1ee3c nghiu00ean cu1ee9u tiu1ebfp diu1ec5n.
u0110iu1ec1u quan tru1ecdng lu00e0 phu1ea3n nhu1edb ru1eb1ng ALS cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn bu1ea5t ku1ef3 ai, bu1ea5t ku1ec3 nguu1ed3n gu1ed1c hou1ebft lu1ed1i su1ed1ng cu1ee7a hu1ecd. Cu1ed9ng u0111u1ed3ng khoa hu1ecdc tiu1ebfp tu1ee5c khu00e1m phu00e1 tu1ea5t cu00e1c con u0111u01b0u1eddng cu00f3 thu1ec3 u0111u1ec3 hiu1ec3u ru00f5 hu01a1n nhu1eefng gu00ec cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0m tu0103ng nguy cu01a1 mu1eafc bu1ec7nh cu1ee7a mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi.
Cu00e1c u0110iu1ec1u Tru1ecb ALS
Quu1ea3n lu00fd bu1ec7nh xu01a1 cu1ee9ng cu1ed9t bu00ean teo cu01a1 bao gu1ed3m mu1ed9t phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p tiu1ebfp cu1eadn nhiu1ec1u khu00eda cu1ea1nh tu1eadp trung vu00e1o viu1ec7c lu00e0m chu1eadm su1ef1 tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n bu1ec7nh, quu1ea3n lu00fd cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng vu00e0 cu1ea3i thiu1ec7n su1ee9c khu1ecfe tu00e2m thu1ea7n tu1ed5ng thu1ec3. Trong khi hiu1ec7n tu1ea1i khu00f4ng cu00f3 thuu1ed1c chu1eefa cho ALS, nhiu1ec1u phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb u0111u00e3 u0111u01b0u1ee3c phu00e1t triu1ec3n u0111u1ec3 giu1ea3i quyu1ebft cu00e1c khu00eda cu1ea1nh khu00e1c nhau cu1ee7a cu0103n bu1ec7nh.
Thuu1ed1c cho bu1ec7nh ALS
Nhiu1ec1u lou1ea1i thuu1ed1c u0111u00e3 nhu1eadn u0111u01b0u1ee3c su1ef1 chu1ea5p thuu1eadn u0111u1ec3 giu00fap quu1ea3n lu00fd bu1ec7nh ALS vu00e0 cu00e1c tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng liu00ean quan. Nhu1eefng phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb nu00e0y nhu1ebfm mu1ee5c u0111u00edch bu1ea3o vu1ec7 tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng, quu1ea3n lu00fd triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng vu00e0 giu1ea3i quyu1ebft cu00e1c biu1ebfn chu1ee9ng cu1ee5 thu1ec3.
Riluzole: Thuu1ed1c nu00e0y hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng bu1eb1ng cu00e1ch giu1ea3m lu01b0u1ee3ng glutamate, mu1ed9t chu1ea5t truyu1ec1n tin hu00f3a hu1ecdc trong nu00e3o mu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu00f3 hu1ea1i cho tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng khi cu00f3 mu1eb7t u1edf nu1ed3ng u0111u1ed9 cao. Bu1eb1ng cu00e1ch ngu0103n chu1eb7n phu00e1t hu00e0nh thu1eeba glutamate, riluzole cu00f3 thu1ec3 giu00fap bu1ea3o vu1ec7 tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng khu1ecfi bu1ecb hu01b0 hu1ecfng.
Edaravone: Edaravone u0111u01b0u1ee3c cho lu00e0 hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng bu1eb1ng cu00e1ch giu1ea3m stress oxy hu00f3a, mu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu00e2y hu1ea1i cho tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh. Nu00f3 u0111u01b0u1ee3c du00f9ng qua u0111u01b0u1eddng tu0129nh mu1ea1ch vu00e0 cu0169ng cu00f3 du1ea1ng uu1ed1ng.
Dextromethorphan HBr vu00e0 quinidine sulfate: Thuu1ed1c nu00e0y u0111u01b0u1ee3c phu00ea duyu1ec9t u0111u1ec3 u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb hu1ed9i chu1ee9ng giu1ea3 hu00e0nh tu1ef7 (PBA), mu1ed9t tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 xu1ea3y ra u1edf nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS. PBA gu00e2y ra bu00f9ng phu00e1t cu1ea3m xu00fac khu00f4ng kiu1ec3m sou00e1t u0111u01b0u1ee3c, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 cu01b0u1eddi hou1ebft khu00f3c, mu00e0 khu00f4ng tu01b0u01a1ng xu1ee9ng vu1edbi hou00e0n cu1ea3nh xu1ea3y ra.
Tofersen: u0110u00e2y lu00e0 mu1ed9t phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb mu1edbi hu01a1n u0111u01b0u1ee3c phu00ea duyu1ec9t cho nhu1eefng cu00e1 nhu00e2n bu1ecb ALS liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn mu1ed9t u0111u1ed9t biu1ebfn di truyu1ec1n cu1ee5 thu1ec3 (SOD1-ALS). u0110u00e2y lu00e0 liu1ec7u phu00e1p u0111u1ea7u tiu00ean u0111u01b0u1ee3c thiu1ebft ku1ebf u0111u1ec3 nhu1ebfm vu00e1o nguyu00ean nhu00e2n di truyu1ec1n cu1ee7a ALS vu00e0 u0111u01b0u1ee3c du00f9ng su1eed du1ee5ng hu00e0ng thu00e1ng vu00e0o du1ecbch tu1ee7y su1ed1ng.
Ngou00e0i nhu1eefng lou1ea1i thuu1ed1c u0111u01b0u1ee3c phu00ea duyu1ec9t nu00e0y, nghiu00ean cu1ee9u tiu1ebfp diu1ec5n vu1eabn tiu1ebfp tu1ee5c khu00e1m phu00e1 cu00e1c chiu1ebfn lu01b0u1ee3c u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb mu1edbi. Cu00e1c thu1eed nghiu1ec7m lu00e2m su00e0ng u0111ang u0111iu1ec1u tra cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p tiu1ebfp cu1eadn mu1edbi, bao gu1ed3m liu1ec7u phu00e1p gen, u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb bu1eb1ng tu1ebf bu00e0o gu1ed1c vu00e0 cu00e1c u1ee9ng cu1eed viu00ean thuu1ed1c mu1edbi, nhu1ebfm mu1ee5c u0111u00edch tu00ecm ra cu00e1ch hiu1ec7u quu1ea3 hu01a1n u0111u1ec3 lu00e0m chu1eadm hou1ebft ngu1eebng su1ef1 tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n cu1ee7a ALS.
u0110iu1ec1u quan tru1ecdng lu00e0 nhu1eefng cu00e1 nhu00e2n mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS cu1ea7n lu00e0m viu1ec7c chu1eb7t chu1ebd vu1edbi u0111u1ed9i ngu0169 y tu1ebf cu1ee7a hu1ecd u0111u1ec3 xu00e1c u0111u1ecbnh ku1ebf hou1ea1ch u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb phu00f9 hu1ee3p nhu1ea5t, mu00e0 thu01b0u1eddng bao gu1ed3m ku1ebf thu1ee3p cu1ee7a thuu1ed1c, liu1ec7u phu00e1p vu00e0 chu0103m su00f3c hu1ed7 tru1ee3.
Hiu1ec7p hu1ed9i ALS
Cu00e1c tu1ed5 chu1ee9c tu1ef1 nguyu1ec7n du00e0nh cho ALS u0111u00f3ng mu1ed9t vai tru00f2 quan tru1ec3ng trong viu1ec7c hu1ed7 tru1ee3 nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi bu1ecb u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng bu1edfi cu0103n bu1ec7nh, thu00fac u0111u1ea9y nghiu00ean cu1ee9u vu00e0 nu00e2ng cao nhu1eadn thu1ee9c cu1ee7a cu00f4ng chu00fang. Nhu1eefng nhu00f3m nu00e0y thu01b0u1eddng cung cu1ea5p mu1ed9t lou1ea1t cu00e1c du1ecbch vu1ee5, tu1eeb tru1ee3 giu00fap bu1ec7nh nhu00e2n tru1ef1c tiu1ebfp u0111u1ebfn tu00e0i tru1ee3 cho cu00e1c nghiu00ean cu1ee9u khoa hu1ecdc mang tu00ednh u0111u1ed9t phu00e1.
Cu00e1c chu1ee9c nu0103ng chu00ednh cu1ee7a hu1ec9p hu1ed9i ALS bao gu1ed3m:
Hu1ed7 tru1ee3 bu1ec7nh nhu00e2n vu00e0 gia u0111u00ecnh: Cung cu1ea5p nguu1ed3n lu1ef1c, thu00f4ng tin vu00e0 ku1ebf nu1ed1i cu1ed9ng u0111u1ed3ng cho nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi u0111u01b0u1ee3c chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS vu00e0 gia u0111u00ecnh hu1ecd. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 bao gu1ed3m cu00e1c nhu00f3m hu1ed7 tru1ee3, tu00e0i liu1ec7u giu00e1o du1ee5c vu00e0 hu01b0u1edbng du1eabn vu1ec1 viu1ec7c u0111i luu1ed3ng trong hu1ec7 thu1ed1ng chu0103m su00f3c su1ee9c khu1ecfe.
Tu00e0i tru1ee3 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u: u0110u1ea7u tu01b0 vu00e0o nghiu00ean cu1ee9u khoa hu1ecdc u0111u1ec3 hiu1ec3u cu00e1c nguyu00ean nhu00e2n gu00e2y ra ALS, phu00e1t triu1ec3n cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb hiu1ec7u quu1ea3 vu00e0 cuu1ed1i cu00f9ng lu00e0 tu00ecm ra thuu1ed1c chu1eefa. Viu1ec7c nu00e0y bao gu1ed3m viu1ec7c hu1ed7 tru1ee3 cu00e1c nghiu00ean cu1ee9u phu00f2ng thu00ed nghiu1ec7m vu00e0 cu00e1c thu1eed nghiu1ec7m lu00e2m su00e0ng.
Vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng chu00ednh su00e1ch: Hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng u0111u1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn chu00ednh su00e1ch cu00f4ng vu00e0 tu0103ng cu01b0u1eddng khu1ea3 nu0103ng tiu1ebfp cu1eadn chu0103m su00f3c vu00e0 u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb cho nhu1eefng cu00e1 nhu00e2n bu1ecb ALS.
Chiu1ebfn du1ecbch nu00e2ng cao nhu1eadn thu1ee9c: Giu00e1o du1ee5c cu00f4ng chu00fang vu1ec1 ALS, tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng cu1ee7a nu00f3 vu00e0 cu00e1c nu1ed3 lu1ef1c u0111ang diu1ec5n ra u0111u1ec3 chu1ed1ng lu1ea1i cu0103n bu1ec7nh.
Nhu1eefng hiu1ec7p hu1ed9i nu00e0y thu01b0u1eddng lu00e0 mu1ed9t trung tu00e2m thu00f4ng tin vu00e0 tru1ee3 giu00fap cho tou00e0n bu1ed9 cu1ed9ng u0111u1ed3ng ALS. Hu1ecd hu1ee3p tu00e1c vu1edbi cu00e1c nhu00e0 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u, nhu00e2n viu00ean y tu1ebf vu00e0 nhu00e0 lu1eadp chu00ednh su00e1ch u0111u1ec3 tu1ea1o ra su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1eefu hu00ecnh trong cuu1ed9c su1ed1ng cu1ee7a nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi bu1ecb u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng bu1edfi tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng thu1ea7n kinh phu1ee9c tu1ea1p nu00e0y.
Tiu00ean lu01b0u1ee3ng bu1ec7nh ALS
Triu1ec3n vu1ecdng cho nhu1eefng cu00e1 nhu00e2n u0111u01b0u1ee3c chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n mu1eafc bu1ec7nh xu01a1 cu1ee9ng cu1ed9t bu00ean teo cu01a1 khu00e1c nhau u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3, vu00ec tru1ea3i nghiu1ec7m cu1ee7a mu1ed7i ngu01b0u1eddi vu1edbi cu0103n bu1ec7nh nu00e0y lu00e0 duy nhu1ea5t. Trung bu00ecnh, hu1ea7u hu1ebft mu1ecdi ngu01b0u1eddi su1ed1ng u0111u01b0u1ee3c khou1ea3ng ba nu0103m sau chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n. Tuy nhiu00ean, u0111u00e2y chu1ec9 lu00e0 tu00ednh trung bu00ecnh, vu00e0 mu1ed9t phu1ea7n u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3 su1ed1 ngu01b0u1eddi su1ed1ng lu00e2u hu01a1n.
Khou1ea3ng 30% su1ed1 ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS su1ed1ng su00f3t quu00e1 nu0103m nu0103m, vu00e0 tu1eeb 10% u0111u1ebfn 20% cu00f3 thu1ec3 su1ed1ng u0111u01b0u1ee3c 10 nu0103m hou1ebft hu01a1n. Khu1ea3 nu0103ng sinh tu1ed3n tru00ean hai thu1eadp ku1ef7 lu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 nhu01b0ng khu00e1 hiu1ebfm.
Nhu1eefng yu1ebfu tu1ed1 nhu1ea5t u0111u1ecbnh cu00f3 thu1ec3 liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn mu1ed9t tiu00ean lu01b0u1ee3ng bu1ec7nh thuu1eadn lu1ee3i hu01a1n, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 u0111u01b0u1ee3c chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n u1edf u0111u1ed9 tuu1ed5i tru1ebb hu01a1n, lu00e0 nam giu00e1p vu00e0 tru1ea3i qua cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng bu1eaft u0111u1ea7u u1edf cu00e1c chi thay vu00ec u1edf vu00f9ng hu00e0nh tu1ef7 (u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn giu1ecdng nu00f3i vu00e0 nuu1ed1t).
Triu1ec3n Vu1ecdng Tu01b0u01a1ng Lai Cu1ee7a Nghiu00ean Cu1ee9u ALS Lu00e0 Gu00ec?
Xu01a1 cu1ee9ng cu1ed9t bu00ean teo cu01a1 vu1eabn lu00e0 mu1ed9t cu0103n bu1ec7nh phu1ee9c tu1ea1p vu00e0 thu00e1ch thu1ee9c, vu00e0 trong khi chu01b0a cu00f3 thuu1ed1c chu1eefa tru1ecb, tiu1ebfn bu1ed9 u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3 u0111ang u0111u01b0u1ee3c thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n.
Cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb hiu1ec7n tu1ea1i tu1eadp trung vu00e1o viu1ec7c quu1ea3n lu00fd triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng vu00e0 cu1ea3i thiu1ec7n chu1ea5t lu01b0u1ee3ng cuu1ed9c su1ed1ng, vu1edbi cu00e1c lou1ea1i thuu1ed1c cung cu1ea5p cu00e1c con u0111u01b0u1eddng can thiu1ec7p khu00e1c nhau. Nghiu00ean cu1ee9u tiu1ebfp tu1ee5c khu00e1m phu00e1 cu00e1c yu1ebfu tu1ed1 di truyu1ec1n vu00e0 mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng u0111u00f3ng gu00f3p vu00e0o ALS, du1eabn u0111u1ebfn su1ef1 hiu1ec3u biu1ebft tu1ed1t hu01a1n vu1ec1 cu01a1 chu1ee3t cu1ee7a nu00f3. Su1ef1 phu00e1t triu1ec3n cu1ee7a cu00e1c liu1ec7u phu00e1p nhu1ebfm mu1ee5c tiu00eau, nhu01b0 tofersen cho SOD1-ALS, u0111u1ea1i diu1ec7n cho mu1ed9t bu01b0u1edbc tiu1ebfn u0111u1ea7y hy vu1ecdng.
Tiu1ebfp tu1ee5c u0111u1ea7u tu01b0 vu00e0o nghiu00ean cu1ee9u vu00e0 thu1eed nghiu1ec7m lu00e2m su00e0ng, cu00f9ng vu1edbi chu0103m su00f3c hu1ed7 tru1ee3, lu00e0 ru1ea5t quan tru1ecdng u0111u1ec3 thu00fac u0111u1ea9y khu00e1n nu0103ng chu1ed1ng lu1ea1i bu1ec7nh ALS cu1ee7a chu00fang ta vu00e0 sau cu00f9ng tu00ecm ra cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb hiu1ec7u quu1ea3 vu00e0 thuu1ed1c chu1eefa bu1ec7nh.
Tu00e0i liu1ec7u tham khu1ea3o
Ingre, C., Roos, P. M., Piehl, F., Kamel, F., & Fang, F. (2015). Risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clinical epidemiology, 7, 181u2013193. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S37505
Floeter, M. K., & Mills, R. (2009). Progression in primary lateral sclerosis: a prospective analysis. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis : official publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases, 10(5-6), 339u2013346. https://doi.org/10.3109/17482960903171136
u0110iu1ec1u kiu1ec7n bu1ec7nh. (n.d.). Progressive muscular atrophy. ScienceDirect Topics. Truy cu1eadp ngu00e0y 14 thu00e1ng 5, nu0103m 2026, tu1eeb https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/progressive-muscular-atrophy
Garnier, M., Camdessanchu00e9, J. P., Cassereau, J., & Codron, P. (2024). From suspicion to diagnosis: exploration strategy for suspected amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Annals of medicine, 56(1), 2398199. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2398199
Siddique, T., & Ajroud-Driss, S. (2011). Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a historical perspective. Acta myologica : myopathies and cardiomyopathies : official journal of the Mediterranean Society of Myology, 30(2), 117u2013120.
Volk, A. E., Weishaupt, J. H., Andersen, P. M., Ludolph, A. C., & Kubisch, C. (2018). Current knowledge and recent insights into the genetic basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V, 30(2), 252u2013258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-018-0185-3
Newell, M. E., Adhikari, S., & Halden, R. U. (2022). Systematic and state-of the science review of the role of environmental factors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's Disease. Science of The Total Environment, 817, 152504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152504
Hiu1ec7p hu1ed9i Lou1ea1n du01b0u1ee1ng cu01a1 bu1eafp. (n.d.). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). https://www.mda.org/disease/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis
Cu00e1c Cu00e2u Hu1ecfi Thu01b0u1eddng Gu1eb7p
Bu1ec7nh xu01a1 cu1ee9ng cu1ed9t bu00ean teo cu01a1 (ALS) chu00ednh xu00e1c lu00e0 gu00ec?
Xu01a1 cu1ee9ng cu1ed9t bu00ean teo cu01a1, thu01b0u1eddng gu1ecdi lu00e0 ALS hou1eb7c bu1ec7nh Lou Gehrig, lu00e0 mu1ed9t cu0103n bu1ec7nh u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh trong nu00e3o vu00e0 tu1ee7y su1ed1ng. Nhu1eefng tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh nu00e0y, u0111u01b0u1ee3c gu1ecdi lu00e0 tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng, kiu1ec3m sou00e1t cu01a1 bu1eafp cu1ee7a bu1ea1n. Khi chu00fang bu1ecb thou00e1i hu00f3a, cu01a1 bu1eafp cu1ee7a bu1ea1n su1ebd yu1ebfu u0111i vu00e0 du1ea7n ngu1eebng hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng.
Cu00f3 cu00e1c du1ea1ng khu00e1c nhau cu1ee7a bu1ec7nh ALS khu00f4ng?
Cu00f3, cu00f3 mu1ed9t vu00e0i tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng liu00ean quan. Xu01a1 cu1ee9ng bu00ean su01a1 cu1ea5p (PLS) vu00e0 Teo cu01a1 tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n (PMA) tu01b0u01a1ng tu1ef1 nhu01b0ng u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c tu1ebf bu00e0o thu1ea7n kinh theo cu00e1ch khu00e1c nhau. Liu1ec7t giu1ea3 hu00e0nh tu1ef7 (PBP) u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c cu01a1 du00f9ng u0111u1ec3 nu00f3i vu00e0 nuu1ed1t. u0110u00f4i khi, ALS cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn tu01b0 duy vu00e0 hu00e0nh vi, du1eabn u0111u1ebfn tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng gu1ecdi lu00e0 sa su00fat tru00ed tuu1ec7 thu00f9y thu00e1i du01b0u01a1ng-tru01b0u1edbc.
Cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u ban u0111u1ea7u cu1ee7a ALS lu00e0 gu00ec?
Cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u su1edbm thu01b0u1eddng liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn yu1ebfu cu01a1. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1eabn u0111u1ebfn vu1ea5p ngu00e3 thu01b0u1eddng xuyu00ean hu01a1n, gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n khi nu00e2ng u0111u1ed3 vu1eadt, hou1ebft nhu1eadn thu1ea5y giu1ecdng nu00f3i bu1ecb ru00edu lu1ea1i. Bu1ea1n cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 thu1ea5y co giu1eadt cu01a1 hou1ebft chuu1ed9t ru00fat, hou1ebft thu1ea5y cu01a1 bu1eafp du1ea7n teo nhu1ecf bu1ecbt.
Liu1ec7u nam giu1bbi vu00e0 nu1eec giu1bbi cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu00f3 cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng ALS khu00e1c nhau khu00f4ng?
Mu1eb7c du00f9 nhiu1ec1u triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng lu00e0 giu1ed1ng nhau, mu1ed9t su1ed1 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u cho thu1ea5y nam giu1bbi cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu00f3 khu1ea3 nu0103ng mu1eafc thu1ec3 ALS khu1edfi phu00e1t u1edf chi cao hu01a1n, nghu0129a lu00e0 nu00f3 bu1eaft u0111u1ea7u u1edf tay hou1ebft chu00e2n. Phu1ee5 nu1eef u0111u00f4i khi cu00f3 thu1ec3 tru1ea3i qua cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn giu1ecdng nu00f3i vu00e0 nuu1ed1t su1edbm hu01a1n. Tuy nhiu00ean, tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n bu1ec7nh vu00e0 cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng tu1ed5ng thu1ec3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 khu00e1c nhau ru1ea5t nhiu1ec1u u1edf mu1ed7i ngu01b0u1eddi.
Lu00e0m thu1ebf nu00e0o bu00e1c su0129 xu00e1c u0111u1ecbnh u0111u01b0u1ee3c liu1ec7u mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi cu00f3 bu1ecb ALS khu00f4ng?
Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n ALS lu00e0 mu1ed9t quu00e1 tru00ecnh. Cu00e1c bu00e1c su0129 su1ebd kiu1ec3m tra lu1ecbch su1eed y khoa cu1ee7a bu1ea1n, khu00e1m lu00e2m su00e0ng, vu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 su1eed du1ee5ng cu00e1c xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m nhu01b0 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u du1eabn truyu1ec1n thu1ea7n kinh, thu1eed cu01a1 (EMG), chu1ee5p MRI, vu00e0 xu00e9t nghiu1ec7m mu00e1u. Hu1ecd thu01b0u1eddng lou1ea1i tru1eeb cu00e1c bu1ec7nh khu00e1c mu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu00e2y ra cu00e1c triu1ec7u chu1ee9ng tu01b0u01a1ng tu1ef1 tru01b0u1edbc khi xu00e1c nhu1eadn ALS.
Nguyu00ean nhu00e2n gu00e2y ra ALS lu00e0 gu00ec?
u0110u1ed1i vu1edbi hu1ea7u hu1ebft nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc bu1ec7nh ALS, nguyu00ean nhu00e2n chu00ednh xu00e1c vu1eabn chu01b0a u0111u01b0u1ee3c phu00e1t hiu1ec7n. Cu00e1c nhu00e0 khoa hu1ecdc tin ru1eb1ng nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0 su1ef1 pha tru1ed9n cu1ee7a nhiu1ec1u thu1ee9, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 cu00f3 mu1ed9t xu hu01b0u1eddng di truyu1ec1n vu00e0 tiu1ebfp xu00fac vu1edbi cu00e1c yu1ebfu tu1ed1 mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng nhu1ea5t u0111u1ecbnh. Chu1ec9 khou1ea3ng 10% su1ed1 ca ALS lu00e0 cu00f3 di truyu1ec1n theo gia u0111u00ecnh.
Cu00f3 nhu1eefng yu1ebfu tu1ed1 khu00e1c nu00e0o cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0m tu0103ng nguy cu01a1 mu1eafc ALS khu00f4ng?
Cu00e1c nhu00e0 nghiu00ean cu1ee9u vu1eabn u0111ang nghiu00ean cu1ee9u u0111iu1ec1u nu00e0y, nhu01b0ng mu1ed9t su1ed1 yu1ebfu tu1ed1 nhu01b0 tuu1ed5i tu00e1c, di truyu1ec1n, vu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 viu1ec7c tiu1ebfp xu00fac vu1edbi mu1ed9t su1ed1 thu1ea3i u0111u1ed9c hou1ebft hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng thu1ec3 chu1ea5t nu1eb7ng u0111ang u0111u01b0u1ee3c xem xu00e9t du01b0u1edbi gu00f3c u0111u1ed9 phu00e2n tu00edch. Tuy nhiu00ean, u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi hu1ea7u hu1ebft mu1ecdi ngu01b0u1eddi, khu00f4ng cu00f3 yu1ebfu tu1ed1 nguy cu01a1 ru00f5 ru00e0ng nu00e0o giu1ea3i thu00edch vu00ec sao hu1ecd lu1ea1i bu1ecb ALS.
Triu1ec3n vu1ecdng cho mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi bu1ecb ALS lu00e0 gu00ec?
Quu00e1 tru00ecnh diu1ec5n tiu1ebfn cu1ee7a ALS lu00e0 khu00e1c nhau u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi mu1ed7i ngu01b0u1eddi. Trung bu00ecnh, ngu01b0u1eddi bu1ecb bu1ec7nh su1ed1ng khou1ea3ng 3 nu0103m sau chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n. Tuy nhiu00ean, mu1ed9t su1ed1 ngu01b0u1eddi su1ed1ng lu00e2u hu01a1n nhiu1ec1u, thu1eadm chu00ed tu1edbi 10 nu0103m hou1ebft hu01a1n. Nhu1eefng tiu1ebfn bu1ed9 trong chu0103m su00f3c giu00fap nhiu1ec1u ngu01b0u1eddi su1ed1ng tu1ed1t hu01a1n vu00e0 lu00e2u hu01a1n.
Emotiv là một đơn vị dẫn đầu về công nghệ thần kinh, giúp thúc đẩy nghiên cứu khoa học thần kinh thông qua các công cụ EEG và dữ liệu não bộ dễ tiếp cận.
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Christian Burgos
