Chứng khó đọc với các con số

u0110u01b0u1eddng du1eabn liu00ean ku1ebft giu1eefa Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 Khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 Tou00e1n hu1ecdc

Tu1ea1i sao Cu00e1c thu1eed thu00e1ch vu1ec1 u0110u1ecdc vu00e0 Tou00e1n thu01b0u1eddng xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n cu00f9ng nhau?

Khu00f4ng hiu1ebfm gu1eb7p nhu1eefng cu00e1 nhu00e2n gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c u0111u1ecdc cu0169ng phu1ea3i u0111u1ed1i mu1eb7t vu1edbi nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 tou00e1n hu1ecdc. Su1ef1 chu1ed3ng chu00e9o nu00e0y thu01b0u1eddng chu1ec9 ra cu00e1c quu00e1 tru00ecnh nhu1eadn thu1ee9c cu01a1 bu1ea3n u0111u01b0u1ee3c chia su1ebb.

Thuu1eadt ngu1eef "chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc su1ed1" u0111u00f4i khi u0111u01b0u1ee3c su1eed du1ee5ng khu00f4ng chu00ednh thu1ee9c u0111u1ec3 mu00f4 tu1ea3 cu00e1c cuu1ed9c u0111u1ea5u tranh vu1edbi tou00e1n, nhu01b0ng u0111iu1ec1u quan tru1ecdng lu00e0 phu1ea3i lu00e0m ru00f5 ru1eb1ng chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc bu1ea3n thu00e2n nu00f3 lu00e0 mu1ed9t su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1ecdc tu1eadp du1ef1a tru00ean ngu00f4n ngu1eef. Tuy nhiu00ean, cu00e1c thu1eed thu00e1ch liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc chu1eafc chu1eafn cu00f3 thu1ec3 tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng u0111u1ebfn khu1ea3 nu0103ng tou00e1n hu1ec4c.

Vu00ed du1ee5, nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi quu00e1 tru00ecnh xu1eed lu00fd u00e2m vu1ecb, mu1ed9t du1ea5u u1ea5n cu1ee7a chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc, cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0m cho viu1ec7c phu00e1t u00e2m vu00e0 ghi nhu1edb cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh tou00e1n cu01a1 bu1ea3n hou1eb7c xu1eed lu00fd ngu00f4n ngu1eef trong cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n tru1edf nu00ean khu00f3 khu0103n hu01a1n. Mu1ed1i quan hu1ec7 phu1ee9c tu1ea1p giu1eefa ngu00f4n ngu1eef vu00e0 quu00e1 tru00ecnh xu1eed lu00fd su1ed1 hu1ecdc cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 u0111iu1ec3m yu1ebfu u1edf mu1ed9t lu0129nh vu1ef1c cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1ec5 du00e0ng lan sang lu0129nh vu1ef1c kia.

Bu1ec7nh khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n (Dyscalculia) lu00e0 gu00ec vu00e0 Nu00f3 u1ea2nh hu01b0u1edfng thu1ebf nu00e0o u0111u1ebfn viu1ec7c Hu1ecdc Tou00e1n?

Khi nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n dai du1eb3ng vu1edbi tou00e1n hu1ecdc xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n, thuu1eadt ngu1eef dyscalculia (bu1ec7nh khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n) thu01b0u1eddng chu00ednh xu00e1c hu01a1n lu00e0 "chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc su1ed1". Dyscalculia lu00e0 mu1ed9t khuyu1ebft tu1eadt hu1ecdc tu1eadp cu1ee5 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn khu1ea3 nu0103ng hiu1ec3u cu00e1c con su1ed1 vu00e0 hu1ecdc cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh tou00e1n cu1ee7a mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi.

Nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi:

• Cu1ea3m giu00e1c vu1ec1 con su1ed1 (Number sense): Hiu1ec3u su1ed1 lu01b0u1ee3ng, so su00e1nh cu00e1c con su1ed1 (vu00ed du1ee5, su1ed1 nu00e0o lu1edbn hu01a1n) vu00e0 nu1eafm bu1eaft mu1ed1i quan hu1ec7 giu1eefa cu00e1c con su1ed1 vu00e0 giu00e1 tru1ecb cu1ee7a chu00fang.

• Ghi nhu1edb cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh tou00e1n: Gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n khi nhu1edb lu1ea1i cu00e1c phu00e9p cu1ed9ng, tru1eeb, nhu00e2n vu00e0 chia cu01a1 bu1ea3n.

• Thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh: Nhu1eefng thu1eed thu00e1ch khi thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c quy tru00ecnh tou00e1n hu1ecdc mu1ed9t cu00e1ch chu00ednh xu00e1c vu00e0 tru00f4i chu1ea3y.

• Hiu1ec3u cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n hu1ecdc: Khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi cu00e1c u00fd tu01b0u1edfng tou00e1n hu1ecdc tru1eeb u tu01b0u1ee3ng vu00e0 giu1ea3i quyu1ebft vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1.

u0110u01b0u1ee3c u0111u01b0u1eddng tu00ednh ru1eb1ng cu00f3 khou1ea3ng 3% vu00e0 7% su1ed1 ngu01b0u1eddi cu00f3 thu1ec3 mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n (dyscalculia), nghu0129a lu00e0 nu00f3 khu00e1 phu1ed5 biu1ebfn trong cu00e1c lu1edbp hu1ecdc.

Vu01b0u1ee3t qua Nhu00e3n du00e1n "Du1edf Tou00e1n"

u0110iu1ec1u quan tru1ec1ng lu00e0 phu1ea3i vu01b0u1ee3t qua nhu00e3n du00e1n u0111u01a1n giu1ea3n lu00e0 bu1ecb "du1edf tou00e1n". Nhu00e3n du00e1n nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu00e2y nu1ea3n lu00f2ng vu00e0 khu00f4ng giu1ea3i quyu1ebft u0111u01b0u1ee3c nguyu00ean nhu00e2n su00e2u xa cu1ee7a nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n.

Nhu1eadn thu1ee9c u0111u01b0u1ee3c ru1eb1ng cu00e1c thu1eed thu00e1ch vu1ec1 tou00e1n cu00f3 thu1ec3 bu1ea3t nguu1ed3n tu1eeb cu00e1c khuyu1ebft tu1eadt hu1ecdc tu1eadp cu1ee5 thu1ec3 nhu01b0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n, hou1eb7c tu1eeb cu00e1c tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng cu1ee7a chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi ku1ef9 nu0103ng tou00e1n, su1ebd mu1edf ra cu00e1nh cu1eeda cho su1ef1 hu1ed7 tru1ee3 thu00edch hu1ee3p. Nhiu1ec1u ngu01b0u1eddi tru01b0u1edfng thu00e0nh nhu1edb lu1ea1i mu00ecnh tu1eebng gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi mu00f4n tou00e1n trong suu1ed1t nhu1eefng nu0103m u0111i hu1ecdc, thu01b0u1eddng chu1ea5p nhu1eadn nu00f3 nhu01b0 mu1ed9t thu1ea5t bu1ea1i cu00e1 nhu00e2n.

Tuy nhiu00ean, vu1edbi cu00e1c can thiu1ec7p phu00f9 hu1ee3p, cu00e1c cu00e1 nhu00e2n mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n cu00f3 thu1ec3 phu00e1t triu1ec3n su1ef1 tu1ef1 tin vu00e0 nu0103ng lu1ef1c trong tou00e1n hu1ecdc, giu1ed1ng nhu01b0 nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc cu00f3 thu1ec3 tru1edf thu00e0nh nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi u0111u1ecdc thu00e0nh thu1ea1o thu00f4ng qua su1ef1 hu01b0u1edbng du1eabn chuyu00ean biu1ec7t.

Nhu1eefng nguu1ed3n gu1ed1c thu1ea7n kinh chung cu1ee7a khu00f3 khu0103n u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 Tou00e1n hu1ecdc lu00e0 gu00ec?

Nguu1ed3n gu1ed1c thu1ea7n kinh chia su1ebb, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi tru00ed nhu1edb lu00e0m viu1ec7c vu00e0 tu1ed1c u0111u1ed9 xu1eed lu00fd, giu1ea3i thu00edch tu1ea1i sao nu00e3o bu1ed9 thu01b0u1eddng gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi cu1ea3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tou00e1n cu00f9ng mu1ed9t lu00fac. Nhu1eefng chu1ee9c nu0103ng nu1ec1n tu1ea3ng nu00e0y ru1ea5t quan tru1ecdng cho cu1ea3 viu1ec7c giu1ea3i mu00e3 tu1eeb vu00e0 thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh nhiu1ec1u bu01b0u1edbc.

Vai tru00f2 quan tru1ecdng cu1ee7a Tru00ed nhu1edb Lu00e0m viu1ec7c trong hu1ecdc tu1eadp lu00e0 gu00ec?

Tru00ed nhu1edb lu00e0m viu1ec7c hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng giu1ed1ng nhu01b0 mu1ed9t bu1ea3ng nhu00e1p tinh thu1ea7n, giu1eef thu00f4ng tin tu1ea1m thu1eddi trong khi chu00fang ta xu1eed lu00fd nu00f3. u0110u1ed1i vu1edbi cu1ea3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tou00e1n, u0111iu1ec1u nu00e0y vu00f4 cu00f9ng quan tru1ecdng.

Khi u0111u1ecdc, chu00fang ta cu1ea7n giu1eef lu1ea1i phu1ea7n u0111u1ea7u cu1ee7a cu00e2u u0111u1ec3 hiu1ec3u phu1ea7n cuu1ed1i cu1ee7a nu00f3. Tu01b0u01a1ng tu1ef1 nhu01b0 vu1eady, trong tou00e1n hu1ecdc, chu00fang ta cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu1ea7n ghi nhu1edb cu00e1c con su1ed1, cu00e1c bu01b0u1edbc, hou1eb7c cu00e1c ku1ebft quu1ea3 trung gian u0111u1ec3 giu1ea3i mu1ed9t bu00e0i tou00e1n.

Cu00e1c nghiu00ean cu1ee9u cho thu1ea5y nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n thu01b0u1eddng gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi cu00e1c nhiu1ec7m vu1ee5 tru00ed nhu1edb lu00e0m viu1ec7c. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 hu1ecd khu00f2 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c theo du00f5i cu00e1c con su1ed1 hou1eb7c tru00ecnh tu1ef1 cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh cu1ea7n thiu1ebft cho mu1ed9t phu00e9p tu00ednh.

Su1ef1 chu1ed3ng chu00e9o nu00e0y trong cu00e1c yu00eau cu1ea7u vu1ec1 tru00ed nhu1edb lu00e0m viu1ec7c gu1ee3i u00fd mu1ed9t cu01a1 su1edf thu1ea7n kinh chung cho nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n nu00e0y.

Tu1ed1c u0111u1ed9 xu1eed lu00fd u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng thu1ebf nu00e0o u0111u1ebfn viu1ec7c u0110u1ecdc vu00e0 Tu00ednh tou00e1n?

Tu1ed1c u0111u1ed9 xu1eed lu00fd u0111u1ec1 cu1eadp u0111u1ebfn viu1ec7c nu00e3o bu1ed9 cu00f3 thu1ec3 tiu1ebfp nhu1eadn thu00f4ng tin, hiu1ec3u nu00f3 vu00e0 phu1ea3n hu1ed3i nhanh nhu01b0 thu1ebf nu00e0o.

Khi tu1ed1c u0111u1ed9 xu1eed lu00fd chu1eadm hu01a1n, nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu1ea3 su1ef1 tru00f4i chu1ea3y khi u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tu00ednh tou00e1n tou00e1n hu1ecdc. u0110u1ed1i vu1edbi viu1ec7c u0111u1ecdc, nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 nghu0129a lu00e0 mu1ea5t nhiu1ec1u thu1eddi gian hu01a1n u0111u1ec3 giu1ea3i mu00e3 cu00e1c tu1eeb hou1eb7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c cu00e2u. Trong tou00e1n hu1ecdc, nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 chuyu1ec3n thu00e0nh tu1ed1c u0111u1ed9 chu1eadm hu01a1n khi thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh hou1eb7c truy xuu1ea5t cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh tou00e1n cu01a1 bu1ea3n.

u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 tu1ea1o ra mu1ed9t nu00fat thu1eaft cu1ed5 chai, nu01a1i mu00e0 nu00e3o bu1ed9 khu00f4ng thu1ec3 bu1eaft ku1ecbp vu1edbi yu00eau cu1ea7u cu1ee7a cu00e1c nhiu1ec7m vu1ee5 phu1ee9c tu1ea1p, du1eabn u0111u1ebfn sai su00f3t hou1eb7c cu1ea3m giu00e1c bu1ecb quu00e1 tu1ea3i.

Tu1ea1i sao Viu1ec7c Xu1eed lu00fd Ku00fd hiu1ec7u vu00e0 Ngu00f4n ngu1eef lu00e0 mu1ed9t Thu1eed thu00e1ch?

Cu1ea3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tou00e1n hu1ecdc u0111u1ec1u phu1ee5 thuu1ed9c ru1ea5t nhiu1ec1u vu00e0o viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c ku00fd hiu1ec7u vu00e0 u00fd nghu0129a liu00ean quan cu1ee7a chu00fang.

Trong u0111u1ecdc, cu00e1c chu1eef cu00e1i tu1ea1o thu00e0nh tu1eeb, vu00e0 cu00e1c tu1eeb tu1ea1o thu00e0nh cu00e2u truyu1ec1n u0111u1ea1t u00fd nghu0129a. Trong tou00e1n hu1ecdc, cu00e1c con su1ed1 vu00e0 ku00fd hiu1ec7u nhu01b0 '+', '-', vu00e0 '=' u0111u1ea1i diu1ec7n cho su1ed1 lu01b0u1ee3ng vu00e0 cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh.

u0110u1ed1i vu1edbi mu1ed9t su1ed1 cu00e1 nhu00e2n, nu00e3o bu1ed9 cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c u00e1nh xu1ea1 cu00e1c ku00fd hiu1ec7u tru1eeb u tu01b0u1ee3ng nu00e0y vu1edbi u00fd nghu0129a chu00ednh xu00e1c cu1ee7a chu00fang hou1eb7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c quy tu1eafc chi phu1ed1i chu00fang. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn khu1ea3 nu0103ng u0111u1ecdc tru00f4i chu1ea3y vu00e0 chu00ednh xu00e1c, vu00e0 nu00f3 cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0m cho viu1ec7c nu1eafm bu1eaft cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n hu1ecdc vu00e0 thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh chu00ednh xu00e1c tru1edf nu00ean khu00f3 khu0103n.

Khu00f3 khu0103n nu00e0y vu1edbi viu1ec7c xu1eed lu00fd ku00fd hiu1ec7u vu00e0 ngu00f4n ngu1eef lu00e0 mu1ed9t lu0129nh vu1ef1c chu00ednh mu00e0 nu1ec1n tu1ea3ng thu1ea7n kinh cu1ee7a chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n cu00f3 thu1ec3 giao nhau.

Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n u0111u1ed3ng thu1eddi biu1ec3u hiu1ec7n thu1ebf nu00e0o trong hu1ecdc tu1eadp?

Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n u0111u1ed3ng thu1eddi bu1ed9c lu1ed9 nhu01b0 mu1ed9t tu1eadp hu1ee3p cu00e1c thu1eed thu00e1ch phu1ee9c tu1ea1p, u0111u1eb7c biu1ec7t lu00e0 khi xu1eed lu00fd cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n du1ef1a nhiu1ec1u vu00e0o ngu00f4n ngu1eef vu00e0 tru00ecnh tu1ef1. Su1ef1 tu01b0u01a1ng tu00e1c giu1eefa xu1eed lu00fd ngu00f4n ngu1eef vu00e0 lu1eadp luu1eadn su1ed1 hu1ecdc tu1ea1o ra mu1ed9t ru00e0o cu1ea3n lu1edbn cho hu1ecdc sinh u0111ang cu1ed1 gu1eafng u0111u1ecbnh hu01b0u1edbng cu1ea3 hai mu00f4n hu1ecdc.

Cu00e1c Bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n u1ea2nh hu01b0u1edfng thu1ebf nu00e0o u0111u1ebfn Hu1ecdc sinh mu1eafc cu1ea3 hai bu1ec7nh?

Cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n khu00f4ng chu1ec9 u0111u00f2i hu1ecfi viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh tou00e1n hu1ecdc mu00e0 cu00f2n phu1ea3i giu1ea3i mu00e3 chu00ednh vu0103n bu1ea3n u0111u00f3. Mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c nu1eafm bu1eaft ku1ecbch bu1ea3n u0111u01b0u1ee3c mu00f4 tu1ea3, xu00e1c u0111u1ecbnh cu00e1c con su1ed1 liu00ean quan vu00e0 hiu1ec3u cu00e2u hu1ecfi u0111ang hu1ecfi gu00ec, ngay cu1ea3 khi hu1ecd hiu1ec3u cu00e1c nguyu00ean lu00fd math cu01a1 bu1ea3n.

u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0 do khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c u0111u1ecdc hiu1ec3u, xu1eed lu00fd tru00ecnh tu1ef1 thu00f4ng tin, hou1eb7c hiu1ec3u tu1eeb vu1ef1ng tou00e1n hu1ecdc nhu01b0 "tu1ed5ng", "hiu1ec7u" hou1eb7c "tu00edch". Su1ef1 tu01b0u01a1ng tu00e1c giu1eefa xu1eed lu00fd ngu00f4n ngu1eef vu00e0 lu1eadp luu1eadn su1ed1 hu1ecdc lu00e0 mu1ed9t ru00e0o cu1ea3n u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3.

Tu1ea1i sao Viu1ec7c lu1eadp tru00ecnh tu1ef1 vu00e0 Tu1ed5 chu1ee9c thu01b0u1eddng gu1eb7p vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1?

u0110u1ed1i vu1edbi nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc cu1ea3 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n, viu1ec7c ghi nhu1edb vu00e0 thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c chuu1ed7i phu00e9p tu00ednh tou00e1n hu1ecdc cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 bu1ed9c lu1ed9 nhu01b0 gu1eb7p ru1eafc ru1ed1i khi thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n cu00e1c hu01b0u1edbng du1eabn nhiu1ec1u bu01b0u1edbc, khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c tu1ed5 chu1ee9c suy nghu0129 u0111u1ec3 giu1ea3i quyu1ebft vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1, hou1eb7c gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c nhu1edb thu1ee9 tu1ef1 cu00e1c con su1ed1 trong mu1ed9t du00e3y, nhu01b0 su1ed1 u0111iu1ec7n thou1ea1i hou1eb7c ngu00e0y thu00e1ng.

u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn mu1ecdi thu1ee9 tu1eeb su1ed1 hu1ecdc cu01a1 bu1ea3n u0111u1ebfn cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m u0111u1ea1i su1ed1 nu00e2ng cao hu01a1n mu00e0 u0111u00f2i hu1ecfi mu1ed9t su1ef1 tiu1ebfn triu1ec3n logic cu1ee7a cu00e1c bu01b0u1edbc.

Nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 Tru1ef1c quan - Khu00f4ng gian trong Tou00e1n hu1ecdc lu00e0 gu00ec?

Mu1eb7c du00f9 khu00f4ng phu1ea3i lu00fac nu00e0o cu0169ng xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n, mu1ed9t su1ed1 cu00e1 nhu00e2n mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc hou1eb7c chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p phu1ea3i cu00e1c thu1eed thu00e1ch tru1ef1c quan-khu00f4ng gian. Trong tou00e1n hu1ecdc, u0111iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 chuyu1ec3n thu00e0nh nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1:

• Hiu1ec3u thu00f4ng tin biu1ec3u u0111u1ed3 vu00e0 u0111u1ed3 thu1ecb.

• Giu1ea3i thu00edch cu00e1c hu00ecnh du1ea1ng hu00ecnh hu1ecdc vu00e0 cu00e1c thuu1ed9c tu00ednh cu1ee7a chu00fang.

• Cu0103n chu1ec9nh cu00e1c con su1ed1 chu00ednh xu00e1c theo cu1ed9t u0111u1ec3 thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n phu00e9p tu00ednh (vu00ed du1ee5, phu00e9p cu1ed9ng hou1eb7c phu00e9p chia du00e0i).

• Thao tu00e1c tinh thu1ea7n vu1edbi cu00e1c hu00ecnh du1ea1ng hou1eb7c hu00ecnh dung cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n hu1ecdc.

Nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 thu00eam mu1ed9t lu1edbp phu1ee9c tu1ea1p khu00e1c vu00e0o viu1ec7c hu1ecdc tou00e1n, lu00m cho viu1ec7c nu1eafm bu1eaft cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m du1ef1a vu00e0o lu1eadp luu1eadn khu00f4ng gian hou1eb7c bu1ea3n u0111u1ed3 tru1ef1c quan tru1edf nu00ean khu00f3 khu0103n hu01a1n.

Kiu1ec3m tra Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n song song Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n u0111u01b0u1ee3c Thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n nhu01b0 thu1ebf nu00e0o?

u0110u00f3 lu00e0 Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc, Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n, hou1eb7c Cu1ea3 hai?

Tu00ecm hiu1ec3u xem mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh u0111ang gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 u0111u1ecdc, tou00e1n hay cu1ea3 hai cu00f3 thu1ec3 khu00e1 phu1ee9c tu1ea1p. u0110u00f4i khi, cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u tru00f4ng cu00f3 vu1ebb giu1ed1ng nhau, vu00e0 ru1ea5t du1ec5 du00e0ng u0111u1ec3 nhu1ea7m lu1eabn chu00fang.

Vu00ed du1ee5, mu1ed9t u0111u1ee9a tru1ebb cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n khu00f4ng phu1ea3i vu00ec chu00fang khu00f4ng thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n u0111u01b0u1ee3c cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh, mu00e0 vu00ec chu00fang khu00f4ng thu1ec3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 hiu1ec3u bu00e0i tou00e1n. u0110u00e2y lu00e0 nu01a1i mu00e0 quan su00e1t vu00e0 kiu1ec3m tra cu1ea9n thu1eadn phu00e1t huy tu00e1c du1ee5ng.

Nghiu00ean cu1ee9u cho thu1ea5y nhiu1ec1u cu00e1 nhu00e2n gu1eb7p mu1ed9t tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng nu00e3o bu1ed9 cu0169ng gu1eb7p tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng kia. Su1ee1 chu1ed3ng chu00e9o nu00e0y cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 hu1ecdc sinh cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n bu1ea3t nguu1ed3n tu1eeb cu1ea3 thu1eed thu00e1ch u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 xu1eed lu00fd con su1ed1.

Mu1ed9t su1ef1 u0110u00e1nh giu00e1 Tu00e2m lu00fd Giu00e1o du1ee5c Mang lu1ea1i u0110iu1ec1u gu00ec?

u0110u00e1nh giu00e1 tu00e2m lu00fd giu00e1o du1ee5c lu00e0 mu1ed9t cu00e1i nhu00ecn chi tiu1ebft vu1ec1 cu00e1ch mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh hu1ecec tu1eadp. Nu00f3 u0111u01b0u1ee3c thu1ef1c hiu1ec7n bu1edfii cu00e1c chuyu00ean gia nhu01b0 nhu00e0 tu00e2m lu00fd giu00e1o du1ee5c. Hu1ecd su1eed du1ee5ng nhiu1ec1u bu00e0i kiu1ec3m tra u0111u1ec3 xem u0111iu1ec3m mu1ea1nh vu00e0 u0111iu1ec3m yu1ebfu cu1ee7a hu1ecdc su1ef7 u1edf cu00e1c lu0129nh vu1ef1c khu00e1c nhau.

u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 bao gu1ed3m cu00e1c bu00e0i kiu1ec3m tra vu1ec1:

• Ku1ef9 nu0103ng u0111u1ecdc (nhu01b0 giu1ea3i mu00e3, su1ef1 tru00f4i chu1ea3y vu00e0 u0111u1ecdc hiu1ec3u)

• Ku1ef9 nu0103ng tou00e1n hu1ecdc (nhu01b0 cu1ea3m giu00e1c su1ed1, tu00ednh tou00e1n vu00e0 giu1ea3i quyu1ebft vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1)

• Tru00ed nhu1edb (cu1ea3 ngu1eafn hu1ea1n vu00e0 du00e0i hu1ea1n)

• Su1ef1 chu00fa u00fd vu00e0 tu1eadp trung

• Khu1ea3 nu0103ng ngu00f4n ngu1eef

• Ku1ef9 nu0103ng tru1ef1c quan-khu00f4ng gian

Nhu1eefng u0111u00e1nh giu00e1 nu00e0y giu00fap xu00e1c u0111u1ecbnh cu00e1c khuyu1ebft tu1eadt hu1ecec tu1eadp cu1ee5 thu1ec3. Chu00fang tu00ecm hiu1ec3u su00e2u hu01a1n khu00f4ng chu1ec9 lu00e0 u0111iu1ec3m su1ed1 u0111u1ec3 hiu1ec3u cu00e1c quu00e1 tru00ecnh nhu1eadn thu1ee9c cu01a1 bu1ea3n. Ku1ebft quu1ea3 giu00fap tu1ea1o ra mu1ed9t bu1ee9c tranh ru00f5 ru00e0ng hu01a1n vu1ec1 nhu1eefng gu00ec u0111ang diu1ec5n ra, u0111u1eb7c biu1ec7t lu00e0 khi cu00e1c khu00f3 khu0103n du01b0u1eddng nhu01b0 chu1ed3ng chu00e9o lu00ean nhau.

Tu1ea1i sao Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n song song khiu1ebfn Viu1ec7c u0110iu1ec1u tru1ecb cu00f3 u00fd nghu0129a hu01a1n?

Khi mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh cho thu1ea5y cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u cu1ee7a cu1ea3 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n, viu1ec7c chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n song song lu00e0 ru1ea5t cu00f3 u00fd nghu0129a. Nu00f3 cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 cu00e1c can thiu1ec7p cu1ea7n phu1ea3i giu1ea3i quyu1ebft cu1ea3 hai tu1eadp hu1ee3p thu1eed thu00e1ch.

Vu00ed du1ee5, mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu1ea7n hu1ed7 tru1ee3 vu1ec1 chiu1ebfn lu01b0u1ee3c u0111u1ecdc hiu1ec3u vu00e0 vu1ec1 viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u tu1eeb vu1ef1ng tou00e1n hu1ecdc. Nu1ebfu khu00f4ng nhu1eadn biu1ebft u0111u01b0u1ee3c cu1ea3 hai tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng, mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh cu00f3 thu1ec3 chu1ec9 nhu1eadn u0111u01b0u1ee3c su1ef1 giu00fap u0111u1ee1 mu1ed9t phu1ea7n, khiu1ebfn mu1ed9t su1ed1 nhu cu1ea7u hu1ecec tu1eadp cu1ee7a hu1ecd khu00f4ng u0111u01b0u1ee3c u0111u00e1p u1ee9ng.

Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n song song cho phu00e9p cu00f3 mu1ed9t ku1ebf hou1ea1ch hu1ed7 tru1ee3 tou00e0n diu1ec7n hu01a1n, thu1eeba nhu1eadn cu00e1ch mu00e0 cu00e1c su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1ecec tu1eadp nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 tu01b0u01a1ng tu00e1c vu00e0 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1df0ng u0111u1ebfn hu00e0nh tru00ecnh hu1ecdc tu1eadp cu1ee7a hu1ecdc sinh.

Ku1ef9 thuu1eadt u0110a giu00e1c quan Cu00f3 thu1ec3 Cu1ea3i thiu1ec7n Viu1ec7c Hiu1ec3u Tou00e1n nhu01b0 thu1ebf nu00e0o?

Khi lu00e0m viu1ec7c vu1edbi nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc cu1ea3 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n, hou1eb7c khi mu1ed9t tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng nu00e0y tu00e1c u0111u1ed9ng u0111u00e1ng ku1ec3 u0111u1ebfn tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng kia, viu1ec7c su1eed du1ee5ng phu01b0u01a1ng phu00e1p tie1ebfp cu1eadn u0111a giu00e1c quan cu00f3 thu1ec3 ru1ea5t hu1eefu u00edch. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 thu hu00fat nhiu1ec1u giu00e1c quan - thu1ecb giu00e1c, thu00ednh giu00e1c, xu00fac giu00e1c vu00e0 vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng - u0111u1ec3 giu00fap lu00e0m cho cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tru1eeb u tu01b0u1ee3ng tru1edf nu00ean cu1ee5 thu1ec3 hu01a1n.

Vu00ed du1ee5, thay vu00ec chu1ec9 nhu00ecn vu00e0o cu00e1c con su1ed1 tru00ean mu1ed9t trang giu1ea5y, mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1eaft cu00e1c khu1ed1i u0111u1ec3 u0111u1ea1i diu1ec7n cho su1ed1 lu01b0u1ee3ng, vu1ebd cu00e1c con su1ed1 trong cu00e1t, hou1eb7c du1ee1 tay u0111u1ec3 u0111u1ebfm. Su1ef1 tham gia thu1ef1c hu00e0nh tru1ef1c tiuebfp nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 xu00e2y du1ef1ng cu00e1c liu00ean ku1ebft mu1ea1nh mu1ebd hu01a1n trong nu00e0n nu00e3o.

Hu01b0u1edbng du1eabn theo tru00ecnh tu1ef1, cu00f3 cu1ea5u tru00fac cu0169ng lu00e0 chu00eca khu00f3a. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y bao gu1ed3m viu1ec7c chia nhu1ecf cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n thu00e0nh cu00e1c bu01b0u1edbc nhu1ecf, du1ec5 quu1ea3n lu00fd.

Mu1ed7i u00fd tu01b0u1edfng mu1edbi u0111u01b0u1ee3c xu00e2y du1ef1ng tru1ef1c tiu1ebfp tru00ean u00fd tu01b0u1edfng tru01b0u1edbc u0111u00f3, vu1edbi nhiu1ec1u su1ef1 luyu1ec7n tu1eadp u1edf mu1ed7i giai u0111ou1ea1n tru01b0u1edbc khi chuyu1ec3n sang giai u0111ou1ea1n tiu1ebfp theo. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y u0111u1eb7c biu1ec7t hu1eefu u00edch cho ngu00f4n ngu1eef tou00e1n vu00e0 cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n, nu01a1i mu00e0 viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u vu0103n bu1ea3n cu0169ng quan tru1ecdng nhu01b0 phu00e9p tu00ednh.

Su1eed du1ee5ng cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng tiu1ec7n tru1ef1c quan, nhu01b0 su01a1 u0111u1ed3 hou1eb7c biu1ec3u u0111u1ed3, bu00ean cu1ea1nh cu00e1c giu1ea3i thu00edch bu1eb1ng lu1eddi vu00e0 thao tu00e1c vu1eadt lu00fd tru00ean cu00e1c vu1eadt thu1ec3, cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0m ru00f5 mu1ed1i quan hu1ec7 giu1eefa cu00e1c tu1eeb vu00e0 con su1ed1.

Cu00e1c chiu1ebfn lu01b0u1ee3c Can thiu1ec7p thu01b0u1eddng bao gu1ed3m du1ea1y tru1ef1c tiu1ebfp cu00e1c ku1ef9 nu0103ng nu1ec1n tu1ea3ng. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 bao gu1ed3m:

• Su1eed du1ee5ng cu00e1c vu1eadt liu1ec7u tru1ef1c quan (nhu01b0 cu00e1c du1ee5ng cu1ee5 u0111u1ebfm, khu1ed1i cu01a1 su1ed1 mu01b0u1eddi, hou1eb7c cu00e1c mu1ea3nh phu00e2n su1ed1) u0111u1ec3 u0111u1ea1i diu1ec7n cho cu00e1c giu00e1 tru1ecb su1ed1 vu00e0 cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh.

• Tu00edch hu1ee3p vu1eadn u0111u1ed9ng vu00e0 cu00e1c hou1ea1t u0111u1ed9ng thu1ec3 chu1ea5t u0111u1ec3 cu1ee7ng cu1ed1 cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m, chu1eb3ng hu1ea1n nhu01b0 nhu1ea3y lu00f2 cu00f2 tru00ean u0111u01b0u1eddng thu1eb3ng su1ed1 hou1eb7c diu1ec5n lu1ea1i cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n.

• Su1eed du1ee5ng cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng tiu1ec7n tru1ef1c quan nhu01b0 u0111u01b0u1eddng thu1eb3ng su1ed1, biu1ec3u u0111u1ed3 vu00e0 su01a1 u0111u1ed3 tu01b0 duy u0111u1ec3 hiu1ec3n thu1ecb mu1ed1i quan hu1ec7 giu1eefa cu00e1c con su1ed1 vu00e0 khu00e1i niu1ec7m.

• Su1eed du1ee5ng cu00e1c tu00edn hiu1ec7u thu00ednh giu00e1c vu00e0 diu1ec5n u0111u1ea1t bu1eb1ng lu1eddi u0111u1ec3 giu00fap xu1eed lu00fd thu00f4ng tin vu00e0 phu00e1t biu1ec3u suy nghu0129 tou00e1n hu1ecdc.

Mu1ee5c tiu00eau lu00e0 tu1ea1o ra nhiu1ec1u con u0111u01b0u1eddng cho viu1ec7c hu1ecec tu1eadp, cho phu00e9p cu00e1 nhu00e2n tiu1ebfp cu1eadn vu00e0 hiu1ec3u cu00e1c u00fd tu01b0u1edfng tou00e1n hu1ecdc thu00f4ng qua cu00e1c ku00eanh giu00e1c quan khu00e1c nhau. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1e those u0111u1ebfn mu1ed9t su1ef1 nu1eafm bu1eaft vu1eefng chu1eafc hu01a1n vu1ec1 tu00e0i liu1ec7u vu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 giu00fap xu00e2y du1ef1ng su1ef1 tu1ef1 tin vu1ec1 khu1ea3 nu0103ng tou00e1n hu1ecdc.

Cu00f4ng nghu1ec7 Cu00f3 thu1ec3 Thu hu1eb9p Kohu1ea3ng cu00e1ch trong u0110u1ecdc vu00e0 Tou00e1n nhu01b0 thu1ebf nu00e0o?

Cu00f4ng nghu1ec7 cung cu1ea5p mu1ed9t lou1ea1t cu00e1c cu00f4ng cu1ee5 ngu00e0y cu00e0ng phu00e1t triu1ec3n cu00f3 thu1ec3 giu00fap mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n (dyscalculia). Nhu1eefng tu00e0i nguyu00ean ku1ef9 thuu1eadt su1ed1 nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 cung cu1ea5p su1ef1 luyu1ec7n tu1eadp cu00f3 mu1ee5c tiu00eau vu00e0 cu00e1ch tiu1ebfp cu1eadn thu00f4ng tin thay thu1ebf, giu00fap hu1ecec tu1eadp tru1edf nu00ean du1ec5 quu1ea3n lu00fd hu01a1n. Nhiu1ec1u chu01b0u01a1ng tru00ecnh mu00e1y tu00ednh vu00e0 u1ee9ng du1ee5ng u0111u01b0u1ee3c thiu1ebft ku1ebf u0111u1ec3 giu1ea3i quyu1ebft cu00e1c thu1eed thu00e1ch cu1ee5 thu1ec3 liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn nhu1eefng su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1ecec tu1eadp nu00e0y.

Mu1ed9t su1ed1 phu1ea7n mu1ec1m tu1eadp trung vu00e0o viu1ec7c xu00e2y du1ef1ng cu00e1c ku1ef9 nu0103ng tou00e1n nu1ec1n tu1ea3ng. Nhu1eefng chu01b0u01a1ng tru00ecnh nu00e0y thu01b0u1eddng su1eed du1ee5ng hu1ecdc tu1eadp thu00edch u1ee9ng, nghu0129a lu00e0 chu00fang u0111iu1ec1u chu1ec9nh u0111u1ed9 khu00f3 du1ef1a tru00ean hiu1ec7u suu1ea5t cu1ee7a ngu01b0u1eddi du00f9ng.

Vu00ed du1ee5, cu00e1c tru00f2 chu01a1i cu00f3 thu1ec3 tru00ecnh bu00e0y cu00e1c nhiu1ec7m vu1ee5 so su00e1nh su1ed1 hou1eb7c thu1ef1c hu00e0nh cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh su1ed1 hu1ecdc cu01a1 bu1ea3n. Nhu1eefng cu00f4ng cu1ee5 nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 mang lu1ea1i su1ef1 luyu1ec7n tu1eadp lu1eb7p u0111i lu1eb7p lu1ea1i, mu1ed9t u0111iu1ec1u thu01b0u1eddng cu00f3 lu1ee3i, vu00e0 mu1ed9t su1ed1 cho phu00e9p ngu01b0u1eddi du00f9ng thao tu00e1c chu1ee7 u0111u1ed9ng vu1edbi cu00e1c vu1eadt thu1ec3 u1ea3o u0111u1ec3 hiu1ec3u cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n hu1ecdc tu1ed1t hu01a1n. Mu1ee5c tiu00eau lu00e0 cung cu1ea5p su1ef1 thu1ef1c hu00e0nh hu1ea5p du1eabn vu00e0 lu1eb7p u0111i lu1eb7p lu1ea1i theo cu00e1ch mu00e0 mu00f4i tru01b0u1eddng lu1edbp hu1ecdc truyu1ec1n thu1ed1ng khu00f4ng phu1ea3i lu00fac nu00e0o cu0169ng u0111u00e1p u1ee9ng u0111u01b0u1ee3c.

u0110u1ed1i vu1edbi tou00e1n, cu00f4ng nghu1ec7 cu00f3 thu1ec3 hu1ed7 tru1ee3 thu00f4ng qua viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n bu1eb1ng cu00e1ch chia nhu1ecf chu00fang hou1eb7c cung cu1ea5p cu00e1c phu01b0u01a1ng tiu1ec7n tru1ef1c quan. Cu00e1c u1ee9ng du1ee5ng su01b0 phu1ea1m chuyu00ean biu1ec7t cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 giu00fap vu1ec1 mu1eb7t tu1ed5 chu1ee9c vu00e0 su1eafp xu1ebfp thu1ee9 tu1ef1, nhu1eefng ku1ef9 nu0103ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi cu00f3 su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1ecec tu1eadp cu00f9ng xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n.

Du01b0u1edbi u0111u00e2y lu00e0 mu1ed9t su1ed1 cu00e1ch mu00e0 cu00f4ng nghu1ec7 cu00f3 thu1ec3 tru1ee3 giu00fap:

• Nu1ec1n tu1ea3ng Hu1ecec tu1eadp Thu00edch u1ee9ng: Nhu1eefng nu1ec1n tu1ea3ng nu00e0y u0111iu1ec1u chu1ec9nh u0111u1ed9 khu00f3 cu1ee7a nu1ed9i dung du1ef1a tru00ean su1ef1 tiu1ebfn bu1ed9 cu1ee7a ngu01b0u1eddi du00f9ng, cung cu1ea5p su1ef1 thu1ef1c hu00e0nh cu00e1 nhu00e2n hu00f3a.

• Cu00f4ng cu1ee5 Hu1ed7 tru1ee3 u0110u1ecdc: Phu1ea3n mu1ec1m u0111u1ecdc to vu0103n bu1ea3n hou1eb7c lu00e0m nu1ed5i bu1eadt cu00e1c tu1eeb khi chu00fang u0111u01b0u1ee3c u0111u1ecdc cu00f3 thu1ec3 hu1ed7 tru1ee3 khu1ea3 nu0103ng u0111u1ecdc hiu1ec3u.

• Tru00f2 chu01a1i Tou00e1n tu01b0u01a1ng tu00e1c: Cu00e1c u1ee9ng du1ee5ng lu00f4i cuu1ed1n khiu1ebfn viu1ec7c thu1ef1c hu00e0nh cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh hou1eb7c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n hu1ecdc tru1edf nu00ean thu00fa vu1ecb hu01a1n.

• u1ee8ng du1ee5ng Tu1ed5 chu1ee9c: Cu00f4ng cu1ee5 giu00fap lu1eadp ku1ebf hou1ea1ch, quu1ea3n lu00fd nhiu1ec7m vu1ee5 vu00e0 chia nhu1ecf cu00e1c du1ef1 u00e1n phu1ee9c tu1ea1p.

u0110iu1ec1u quan tru1ecdng cu1ea7n lu01b0u u00fd lu00e0 mu1eb7c du00f9 cu00f4ng nghu1ec7 cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0 mu1ed9t du1ee5ng cu1ee5 hu1ed7 tru1ee3 mu1ea1nh mu00e8, nu00f3 thu01b0u1eddng hiu1ec7u quu1ea3 nhu1ea5t khi u0111u01b0u1ee3c tu00edch hu1ee3p vu00e0o mu1ed9t ku1ebf hou1ea1ch can thiu1ec7p ru1ed9ng lu1edbn hu01a1n. Hiu1ec7u quu1ea3 cu1ee7a cu00e1c cu00f4ng cu1ee5 nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 khu00e1c nhau, vu00e0 khuyu1ebfn nghu1ecb cu1ea7n cu00f3 su1ef1 hu01b0u1edbng du1eabn chuyu00ean nghiu1ec7p u0111u1ec3 lu1ef1a chu1ecdn vu00e0 triu1ec3n khai chu00fang mu1ed9t cu00e1ch phu00f9 hu1ee3p du01b0u1edbi gu00f3c u0111u1ed9 khoa hu1ecdc thu1ea7n kinh.

Ku1ebft luu1eadn

Ru00f5 ru00e0ng lu00e0 thuu1eadt ngu1eef "chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc su1ed1" thu01b0u1eddng chu1ec9 ra mu1ed9t thu1eed thu00e1ch thu1ef1c tu1ebf mu00e0 nhiu1ec1u ngu01b0u1eddi phu1ea3i u0111u1ed1i mu1eb7t vu1edbi tou00e1n, nhu01b0ng nu00f3 khu00f4ng phu1ea3i lu00e0 tu00ean gu1ecdi hou00e0n tou00e0n chu00ednh xu00e1c cho nu00f3. Tu00ecnh tru1ea1ng thu1ef1c tu1ebf, dyscalculia (chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n), u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu00e1ch mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi hiu1ec3u cu00e1c con su1ed1 vu00e0 cu00e1c khu00e1i niu1ec7m tou00e1n hu1ecdc. Mu1eb7c du00f9 u0111u00f4i khi nu00f3 cu00f3 thu1ec3 xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n cu00f9ng vu1edbi chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc, nhu01b0ng u0111u00f3 lu00e0 mu1ed9t su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1ecec tu1eadp riu00eang biu1ec7t.

Nhu1eadn biu1ebft cu00e1c du1ea5u hiu1ec7u cu1ee7a chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n lu00e0 bu01b0u1edbc u0111u1ea7u tiu1ebfn. Nhu1eadn biu1ebft su1edbm vu00e0 lou1ea1i hu1ed7 tru1ee3 phu00f9 hu1ee3p, nhu01b0 hu01b0u1edbng du1eabn du1ea1y hu1ecdc cu00f3 cu1ea5u tru00fac vu00e0 thu1ef1c hu00e0nh tru1ef1c tiu1ebfp, cu00f3 thu1ec3 tu1ea1o ra khu00e1c biu1ec7t lu1edbn cho su1ee9c khu1ecfe nu00e3o bu1ed9 cu1ee7a mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi. Su1ef1 thu1ea5u hiu1ec3u nu00e0y giu00fap chu00fang ta vu01b0u1ee3t qua su1ef1 bu1ed1i ru1ed1i vu00e0 cung cu1ea5p su1ef1 giu00fap u0111u1ee1 hiu1ec7u quu1ea3 cho nhu1eefng ai gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 tou00e1n hu1ecdc.

Tu00e0i liu1ec7u Tham khu1ea3o

1. Haberstroh, S., & Schulte-Ku00f6rne, G. (2019). Chu1ea9n u0111ou00e1n vu00e0 u0111iu1ec1u tru1ecb chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n. Deutsches u00c4rzteblatt International, 116(7), 107. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2019.0107

2. Menon, V. (2016). Tru00ed nhu1edb lu00e0m viu1ec7c trong hu1ecdc tou00e1n cu1ee7a tru1ebb em vu00e0 su1ef1 giu00e1n u0111ou1ea1n cu1ee7a nu00f3 trong chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n (dyscalculia). Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 10, 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.05.014

3. van Bergen, E., de Zeeuw, E. L., Hart, S. A., Boomsma, D. I., de Geus, E. J., & Kan, K. J. (2025). * Su1ef1 xuu1ea5t hiu1ec7n u0111u1ed3ng thu1eddi vu00e0 quan hu1ec7 nhu00e2n quu1ea3 giu1eefa ADHD, Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc, vu00e0 Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n. Psychological Science, 36(3), 204-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976241293999

Cu00e2u hu1ecfi Thu01b0u1eddng gu1eb7p

'Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc su1ed1' lu00e0 gu00ec?

Thuu1eadt ngu1eef 'chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc su1ed1' u0111u00f4i khi u0111u01b0u1ee3c su1eed du1ee5ng u0111u1ec3 mu00f4 tu1ea3 nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 tou00e1n hu1ecdc. Tuy nhiu00ean, u0111u00f3 khu00f4ng phu1ea3i lu00e0 mu1ed9t thuu1eadt ngu1eef chu00ednh thu1ee9c vu00e0 cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu00e2y bu1ed1i ru1ed1i. Thu01b0u1eddng thu00ec khi mu1ecdi ngu01b0u1eddi nu00f3i 'chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc su1ed1', hu1ecd thu1ef1c chu1ea5t u0111ang u00e1nh chu1ec9 u0111u1ebfn chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n (dyscalculia), mu1ed9t khuyu1ebft tu1eadt hu1ecoc tu1eadp cu1ee5 thu1ec3 tu1eadp trung vu00e0o tou00e1n hu1ecdc.

Dyscalculia (Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n) lu00e0 gu00ec?

Dyscalculia lu00e0 mu1ed9t su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1ecec tu1eadp lu00e0m cho viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c con su1ed1 vu00e0 lu00e0m tou00e1n tru1edf nu00ean khu00f3 khu0103n. Nhu1eefng ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi cu00e1c u00fd tu01b0u1edfng tou00e1n hu1ecdc cu01a1 bu1ea3n, nhu01b0 viu1ec7c biu1ebft con su1ed1 nu00e0o lu1edbn hu01a1n hou1eb7c nhu1ecf hu01a1n. Hu1ecd cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c ghi nhu1edb cu00e1c phu00e9p tu00ednh tou00e1n hu1ecdc cu01a1 bu1ea3n, hiu1ec3u cu00e1c ku00fd hiu1ec7u tou00e1n, hou1eb7c giu1ea3i quyu1ebft cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n. Giu1ed1ng nhu01b0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc u0111u1ed1i vu1edbi viu1ec7c u0111u1ecdc, chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n lu00e0 du00e0nh cho mu00f4n tou00e1n.

Mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi cu00f3 thu1ec3 mu1eafc cu1ea3 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u01ecdc vu00e0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n khu00f4ng?

Cu00f3, mu1ed9t cu00e1 nhu00e2n khu00e1 phu1ed5 biu1ebfn khi mu1eafc cu1ea3 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n cu00f9ng mu1ed9t lu00fac. Nhu1eefng su1ef1 khu00e1c biu1ec7t hu1ecec tu1eadp nu00e0y u0111u00f4i khi cu00f3 thu1ec3 chu1ed3ng chu00e9o lu00ean nhau, nghu0129a lu00e0 thu1eed thu00e1ch trong lu0129nh vu1ef1c nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn lu0129nh vu1ef1c kia. Vu00ed du1ee5, mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi mu1eafc chu1ee9ng khu00f3 u0111u1ecdc cu00f3 thu1ec3 thu1ea5y cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n vu00f4 cu00f9ng ru1eafc ru1ed1i bu1edfi vu00ec chu00fang liu00ean quan u0111u1ebfn viu1ec7c u0111u1ecdc hiu1ec3u. Viu1ec7c mu1eafc cu1ea3 hai cu00f3 nghu0129a lu00e0 mu1ed9t ngu01b0u1eddi cu00f3 thu1ec3 cu1ea7n hu1ed7 tru1ee3 cho cu1ea3 ku1ef9 nu0103ng u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tou00e1n.

Tu1ea1i sao mu1ed9t su1ed1 ngu01b0u1eddi gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n vu1edbi cu1ea3 viu1ec7c u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tou00e1n?

Nhu1eefng khu00f3 khu0103n vu1ec1 u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tou00e1n u0111u00f4i khi cu00f3 thu1ec3 u0111i song hu00e0nh vu1edbi nhau bu1edfi vu00ec mu1ed9t su1ed1 chu1ee9c nu0103ng nu00e3o bu1ed9 ru1ea5t quan tru1ecdng cho cu1ea3 hai. Vu00ed du1ee5, tru00ed nhu1edb lu00e0m viu1ec7c, giu1ed1ng nhu01b0 trang nhu00e1p tu1ea1m thu1edi cu1ee7a nu00e3o bu1ed9 bu1ea1n, lu00e0 quyu1ebft u0111u1ecbnh u0111u1ec3 giu1eef lu1ea1i thu00f4ng tin trong u0111u1ea7u khi u0111u1ecdc hou1eb7c giu1ea3i mu1ed9t bu00e0i tou00e1n. Cu00e1c vu1ea5n u0111u1ec1 vu1ec1 tu1ed1c u0111u1ed9 mu00e0 nu00e3o bu1ed9 xu1eed lu00fd thu00f4ng tin hou1eb7c cu00e1ch nu00f3 xu1eed lu00fd cu00e1c ku00fd hiu1ec7u vu00e0 ngu00f4n ngu1eef cu0169ng cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng u0111u1ebfn cu1ea3 ku1ef9 nu0103ng u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 tou00e1n.

Chu1ee9ng khu00f3 hu1ecdc tou00e1n (dyscalculia) cu00f3 thu1ec3 u1ea3nh hu01b0u1edfng thu1ebf nu00e0o u0111u1ebfn mu1ed9t hu1ecdc sinh u1edf tru01b0u1eddng?

Dyscalculia cu00f3 thu1ec3 lu00e0m cho nhiu1ec1u nhiu1ec7m vu1ee5 u1edf tru01b0u1eddng tru1edf nu00ean khu00f3 khu0103n. Hu1ecdc sinh cu00f3 thu1ec3 gu1eb7p khu00f3 khu0103n trong viu1ec7c hiu1ec3u cu00e1c hu01b0u1edbng du1eabn tou00e1n hu1ecdc, cu00e1c bu00e0i tou00e1n cu00f3 lu1eddi vu0103n u0111u00f2i hu1ecfi phu1ea3i u0111u1ecdc vu00e0 giu1ea3i thu00edch thu00f4ng tin, ghi nhu1edb cu00e1c cu00f4ng thu1ee9c tou00e1n, hou1eb7c thu1eadm chu00ed lu00e0 xem giu1edd vu00e0 quu1ea3n lu00fd tiu1ec1n bu1ea1c. u0110iu1ec1u nu00e0y cu00f3 thu1ec3 du1eabn u0111u1ebfn su1ef1 thu1ea5t vu1ecdng vu00e0 mu1ea5t tu1ef1 tin trong giu1edd tou00e1n, khiu1ebfn hu1ecd khu00f3 theo ku1ecbp cu00e1c bu1ea1n cu00f9ng lu1edbp.